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arXiv 1004.4625astro-ph.GA
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Co-added高分辨光谱法研究外晕团簇E14的化学丰度

Chemical Abundances for the Outer Halo Cluster Pal 4 from Co-added High-Resolution Spectroscopy

Andreas Koch, Patrick Côté

摘要:

内容:遥远银河系球状星团(GC)的化学元素丰度是研究银河系晕及其子结构起源的重要线索。目的:我们研究了红巨星的化学成分在104-银河系中最遥远的GC之一-并比较我们的丰度测量低表面亮度矮星系,GC的内部和外部晕。研究方法:通过共同添加高分辨率,低S/N凯克/HIRES光谱的19颗恒星沿红巨星分支,我们估计20 α,铁峰,和中子捕获元素的化学丰度比。我们的方法给出了总的不确定性最元素铁的比例通常为0.2德克斯。结果如下:我们测量到[Fe/H] = -1.41 +- 0.04(统计)+- 0.17(系统)和α-增强[α/Fe] = +0.38 +- 0.11 dex,这与星系晕场星和大多数晕GC在该金属丰度下发现的+0.4 dex的正则值一致。虽然相对于晕而言,R44的重元素有更高的增强,但大多数元素比率在测量误差范围内与局部晕场星的元素比率一致。然而,我们发现,比其他晕簇的[Mg/Ca]比较低的证据。结论:根据现有的证据,我们得出结论,从物质的形成,银河系4和星系晕经历了类似的富集过程,尽管这个集群的年龄明显较年轻。在我们的方法的局限性,我们没有发现显着的迹象铁蔓延,是典型的真正的银河系GC。然而,迫切需要E14和其他遥远卫星中单个恒星的丰度比,以了解远程GC和其他晕子结构(即,明亮和超暗的矮球状星系)。

英文摘要:

Context: Chemical element abundances for distant Galactic globular clusters (GCs) hold important clues to the origin of the Milky Way halo and its substructures. Aims: We study the chemical composition of red giant stars in Pal 4 - one of the most remote GCs in the Milky Way - and compare our abundance measurements to those for both low surface brightness dwarf galaxies, and GCs in the inner and the outer halo. Methods: By co-adding high-resolution, low-S/N Keck/HIRES spectra of 19 stars along the red giant branch, we estimate chemical abundance ratios of 20 alpha-, iron peak-, and neutron-capture elements. Our method gives total uncertainties on most element-to-iron ratios of typically 0.2 dex. Results: We measure [Fe/H] = -1.41 +- 0.04 (statistical) +- 0.17 (systematic) and an alpha-enhancement of [alpha/Fe] = +0.38 +- 0.11 dex, which is consistent with the canonical value of +0.4 dex found for Galactic halo field stars and most halo GCs at this metallicity. Although Pal 4 has higher enhancements in the heavier elements with respect to the halo, the majority of the element ratios are, within the measurement errors, consistent with those for local halo field stars. We find, however, evidence for a lower [Mg/Ca] ratio than in other halo clusters. Conclusions: Based on the available evidence, we conclude that the material from which Pal 4 and the Galactic halo formed experienced similar enrichment processes, despite the apparently younger age of this cluster. Within the limitations of our methodology we find no significant indication of an iron spread, as is typical of genuine GCs of the Milky Way. However, abundance ratios for individual stars in Pal 4 and other distant satellites are urgently needed to understand the relationship, if any, between remote GCs and other halo substructures (i.e., luminous and ultra-faint dwarf spheroidal galaxies).

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