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arXiv 1004.4230cond-mat.dis-nn
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可满足性问题的数值解空间分析

Numerical Solution-Space Analysis of Satisfiability Problems

Alexander Mann, A. K. Hartmann

摘要:

利用数值模拟研究了3-SAT问题的解空间结构随控制参数α(子句数与变量数之比)的变化规律.为此,必须以均匀权重对解空间进行采样。它在这里示出,标准的随机本地搜索(SLS)算法,如“ASAT”和“MCMCMCMC”(也称为“并行回火”)表现出采样偏差。然而,无偏样本的解决方案,可以获得使用“弹道网络的方法”,这是在这里介绍。它是“弹道搜索”方法的推广,并产生解空间的簇结构。作为应用,利用反卫星武器加弹道组网生成了3-SAT实例的解。数值结果与先前的分析预测的一个简单的解决方案的空间结构的小值的α和过渡到一个集群阶段在α_c ~ 3.86,其中的解决方案空间分裂成几个不可忽略的集群是兼容的。此外,在热力学极限下,当α值接近SATUNSAT跃迁α_s ~ 4.267时,总是存在没有任何冻结变量的簇。这可以解释为什么一些SLS算法能够解决接近SAT-UNSAT转换的非常大的3-SAT实例。

英文摘要:

The solution-space structure of the 3-Satisfiability Problem (3-SAT) is studied as a function of the control parameter alpha (ratio of number of clauses to the number of variables) using numerical simulations. For this purpose, one has to sample the solution space with uniform weight. It is shown here that standard stochastic local-search (SLS) algorithms like "ASAT" and "MCMCMC" (also known as "parallel tempering") exhibit a sampling bias. Nevertheless, unbiased samples of solutions can be obtained using the "ballistic-networking approach", which is introduced here. It is a generalization of "ballistic search" methods and yields also a cluster structure of the solution space. As application, solutions of 3-SAT instances are generated using ASAT plus ballistic networking. The numerical results are compatible with a previous analytic prediction of a simple solution-space structure for small values of alpha and a transition to a clustered phase at alpha_c ~ 3.86, where the solution space breaks up into several non-negligible clusters. Furthermore, in the thermodynamic limit there are, for values of alpha close to the SATUNSAT transition alpha_s ~ 4.267, always clusters without any frozen variables. This may explain why some SLS algorithms are able to solve very large 3-SAT instances close to the SAT-UNSAT transition.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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