里乔利测量星星：17世纪中叶，天文望远镜观测到的恒星圆盘作为反对哥白尼和伽利略的证据
Riccioli Measures the Stars: Observations of the telescopic disks of stars as evidence against Copernicus and Galileo in the middle of the 17th century
摘要：
G. B.里乔利的1651 Almagestum Novum包含一个表的直径恒星测量的里乔利和他的同事与望远镜。这些用望远镜测量的恒星直径是虚假的，是由通过望远镜圆孔的光的衍射波引起的，但当时的天文学家，包括里乔利和伽利略，都没有意识到这一现象。他们相信他们看到的是恒星的物质体。在Almagestum Novum里乔利使用这些望远镜测量磁盘来确定物理大小的恒星下都地心（或地球日心-第谷）和日心（哥白尼）的假设。根据哥白尼假说得到的物理尺寸是巨大的--使地球、太阳和地球的轨道都相形见绌;甚至超过了第谷·布拉赫给出的到恒星的距离。因此里乔利认为，望远镜观测是反对哥白尼体系的有效论据。
英文摘要：
G. B. Riccioli's 1651 Almagestum Novum contains a table of diameters of stars measured by Riccioli and his associates with a telescope. These telescopically measured star diameters are spurious, caused by the diffraction of light waves through the circular aperture of the telescope, but astronomers of the time, including Riccioli and Galileo Galilei, were unaware of this phenomenon. They believed that they were seeing the physical bodies of stars. In the Almagestum Novum Riccioli uses these telescopically measured disks to determine the physical sizes of stars under both geocentric (or geo-heliocentric - Tychonic) and heliocentric (Copernican) hypotheses. The physical sizes obtained under the Copernican hypothesis are immense - dwarfing the Earth, the Sun, and the Earth's orbit; even exceeding the distances to the stars given by Tycho Brahe. Thus Riccioli felt that telescopic observations were an effective argument against the Copernican system.
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