产业与公共研究合作的独特空间特征：来自第五届EU框架计划的证据
Distinct spatial characteristics of industrial and public research collaborations: Evidence from the 5th EU Framework Programme
摘要：
本研究比较了工业R&D网络与公共研究R&D网络（即大学和研究机构）的空间特征。目的是衡量地理分离效应对两种合作类型的跨区域R&D合作的构成的影响。我们使用由第五欧洲框架计划（FP）资助的联合研究项目的数据来代理跨区域合作活动。该研究区域由255个NUTS-2区域组成，涵盖欧盟25个成员国（不包括马耳他和塞浦路斯）以及挪威和瑞士。我们采用空间相互作用模型来分析跨区域产业和公共研究网络的变化是如何受到地理的影响。空间分析的结果提供的证据表明，地理因素显着影响工业R&D合作的模式，而在公共研究部门的地理影响要小得多。然而，研究结果表明，技术距离是最重要的因素，工业和公共研究合作活动。
英文摘要：
This study compares the spatial characteristics of industrial R&D networks to those of public research R&D networks (i.e. universities and research organisations). The objective is to measure the impact of geographical separation effects on the constitution of cross-region R&D collaborations for both types of collaboration. We use data on joint research projects funded by the 5th European Framework Programme (FP) to proxy cross-region collaborative activities. The study area is composed of 255 NUTS-2 regions that cover the EU-25 member states (excluding Malta and Cyprus) as well as Norway and Switzerland. We adopt spatial interaction models to analyse how the variation of cross-region industry and public research networks is affected by geography. The results of the spatial analysis provide evidence that geographical factors significantly affect patterns of industrial R&D collaboration, while in the public research sector effects of geography are much smaller. However, the results show that technological distance is the most important factor for both industry and public research cooperative activities.
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