跨区域R & D合作的空间互动模型--来自第五届EU框架计划的经验证据
Spatial Interaction Modelling of Cross-Region R&D Collaborations: Empirical Evidence from the 5th EU Framework Programme
摘要：
在过去的几年里，人们对创新地理学越来越感兴趣。正如Auel-Bernard等人（2007年a）所指出的，创新的地理层面值得进一步关注，应分析研发合作等现象。在这项研究中，我们专注于跨区域的R & D合作在欧洲。欧洲的覆盖面是通过使用由欧盟框架计划（FP）资助的合作研发项目的数据来实现的，这些项目位于25个2007年前欧盟成员国的255个NUTS-2地区，以及挪威和瑞士。其目的是确定分离效应-如地理或技术的影响-对跨区域的合作R & D活动的构成。我们指定一个泊松空间相互作用模型来分析这些问题。因变量为跨区域R & D合作的强度，自变量包括来源地、目的地和相互作用的分离特征。研究结果提供了惊人的证据，地理效应在决定整个欧洲的研发合作中发挥了重要作用。地理上的接近和邻近地区的组织共同定位是跨区域合作强度的重要决定因素。技术邻近效应强于空间效应。研发合作通常发生在技术空间彼此靠近的组织之间。欧洲的研发合作也受到语言和国家边界效应的影响，但这些效应小于地理和技术效应。
英文摘要：
The last few years have witnessed an increasing interest in the geography of innovation. As noted by Autant-Bernard et al. (2007a), the geographical dimension of innovation deserves further attention by analysing such phenomena as R&D collaborations. In this study we focus on cross-region R&D collaborations in Europe. The European coverage is achieved by using data on collaborative R&D projects funded by the EU Framework Programmes (FPs) between organisation that are located in 255 NUTS-2 regions of the 25 pre-2007 EU member-states, as well as Norway and Switzerland. The objective is to identify separation effects - such as geographical or technological effects - on the constitution of cross-region collaborative R&D activities. We specify a Poisson spatial interaction model to analyse these questions. The dependent variable is the intensity of cross-region R&D collaborations, the independent variables include origin, destination and separation characteristics of interaction. The results provide striking evidence that geographical effects play an important role in determining R&D collaborations across Europe. Geographical proximity and co-localisation of organisations in neighbouring regions are important determinants of cross-region collaboration intensities. The effect of technological proximity is stronger than spatial effects. R&D collaborations occur most often between organisations that are located close to each other in technological space. R&D collaborations in Europe are also affected by language- and country border effects, but these are smaller than geographical and technological effects.
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