用硅中的铋掺杂剂初始化、操纵和存储量子信息
Initializing, manipulating and storing quantum information with bismuth dopants in silicon
摘要：
利用自旋进行量子数据存储和处理的先决条件是长的自旋相干时间。硅（Si：P）中的磷掺杂剂已被青睐作为这种自旋的主体，因为测量的电子自旋相干时间（T2）比固态中的任何其他电子自旋都长：在7 K下为14 ms。较重的杂质如硅中的铋（Si：Bi）可以与Si：P结合使用，用于需要两个单独可寻址的自旋物质的量子信息提议。然而，是否纳入的溶解度低得多的Bi到Si导致破坏相干的缺陷物种的问题还没有得到解决。在这里，我们表明，涉及Si：Bi的方案确实是可行的，因为电子自旋相干时间T2在10 K超过1 ms。我们极化了Si：Bi电子并超极化了209 Bi的I=9/2核自旋，用脉冲磁共振操纵两者。较大的核自旋意味着Si：Bi掺杂剂提供20维希尔伯特空间，而不是I=1/2 Si：P掺杂剂的四维希尔伯特空间。
英文摘要：
A prerequisite for exploiting spins for quantum data storage and processing is long spin coherence times. Phosphorus dopants in silicon (Si:P) have been favoured as hosts for such spins because of measured electron spin coherence times (T2) longer than any other electron spin in the solid state: 14 ms at 7 K. Heavier impurities such as bismuth in silicon (Si:Bi) could be used in conjunction with Si:P for quantum information proposals that require two separately addressable spin species. However, the question of whether the incorporation of the much less soluble Bi into Si leads to defect species that destroy coherence has not been addressed. Here we show that schemes involving Si:Bi are indeed feasible as the electron spin coherence time T2 exceeds 1 ms at 10 K. We polarized the Si:Bi electrons and hyperpolarized the I=9/2 nuclear spin of 209Bi, manipulating both with pulsed magnetic resonance. The larger nuclear spin means that a Si:Bi dopant provides a 20-dimensional Hilbert space rather than the four dimensional Hilbert space of an I=1/2 Si:P dopant.
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