玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的耗散输运
Dissipative Transport of a Bose-Einstein Condensate
摘要：
本文研究了杂质对$^7$ Li玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体在光阱中集体偶极运动的影响。我们发现，这种运动是阻尼的速度依赖于杂质的强度，凝聚质心的速度，和原子间的相互作用。在高斯-费米体系中，阻尼普遍依赖于与凝聚态化学势成比例的无序势强度和与峰值声速成比例的凝聚态速度。在弱相互作用区，阻尼率相对较小，这种情况下的阻尼伴随着强凝聚体碎裂。原子云的\textit{In situ}和飞行时间图像提供了证据，证明这种碎片是由暗孤子形成驱动的。
英文摘要：
We investigate the effects of impurities, either correlated disorder or a single Gaussian defect, on the collective dipole motion of a Bose-Einstein condensate of $^7$Li in an optical trap. We find that this motion is damped at a rate dependent on the impurity strength, condensate center-of-mass velocity, and interatomic interactions. Damping in the Thomas-Fermi regime depends universally on the disordered potential strength scaled to the condensate chemical potential and the condensate velocity scaled to the peak speed of sound. The damping rate is comparatively small in the weakly interacting regime, and the damping in this case is accompanied by strong condensate fragmentation. \textit{In situ} and time-of-flight images of the atomic cloud provide evidence that this fragmentation is driven by dark soliton formation.
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