PLATO端到端CCD模拟器-为PLATO任务评估研究建立天基超高精度CCD测光模型
The PLATO End-to-End CCD Simulator -- Modelling space-based ultra-high precision CCD photometry for the assessment study of the PLATO Mission
摘要：
PLATO卫星飞行任务项目是欧空局的下一代宇宙视野卫星项目，专门用于探测系外行星，并使用超高精度测光法对其主星进行星震学研究。PLATO任务的主要目标是对明亮和足够近的恒星周围的系外行星系统进行全面的统计分析，以便进行详细的后续研究。关于天基仪器的设计权衡及其性能的许多方面，最好是通过对预期观测进行现实模拟来解决。在观测过程中各种噪声源的复杂相互作用使得这种模拟成为PLATO有效载荷联营体评估研究的一个不可或缺的部分。我们创建了一个端到端的CCD仿真软件工具，称为PLATOSim，它模拟CCD图像的光度时间序列，包括CCD及其电子器件的真实模型，望远镜光学，恒星场，卫星的指向不确定性（或姿态控制系统[ACS]抖动），以及所有重要的自然噪声源。该模拟器解决的主要问题是不同的光度算法的噪声特性，选择的光学设计，允许的抖动幅度，以及预期的噪声预算的光变曲线作为恒星的星等不同的参数条件下的函数。我们的模拟结果表明，提出的多望远镜概念的PLATO可以实现测量超过20000冷矮星亮度比mV =11的精度优于27 ppm/h，这是必不可少的研究类地系外行星系统使用的过境方法所定义的科学目标。
英文摘要：
The PLATO satellite mission project is a next generation ESA Cosmic Vision satellite project dedicated to the detection of exo-planets and to asteroseismology of their host-stars using ultra-high precision photometry. The main goal of the PLATO mission is to provide a full statistical analysis of exo-planetary systems around stars that are bright and close enough for detailed follow-up studies. Many aspects concerning the design trade-off of a space-based instrument and its performance can best be tackled through realistic simulations of the expected observations. The complex interplay of various noise sources in the course of the observations made such simulations an indispensable part of the assessment study of the PLATO Payload Consortium. We created an end-to-end CCD simulation software-tool, dubbed PLATOSim, which simulates photometric time-series of CCD images by including realistic models of the CCD and its electronics, the telescope optics, the stellar field, the pointing uncertainty of the satellite (or Attitude Control System [ACS] jitter), and all important natural noise sources. The main questions that were addressed with this simulator were the noise properties of different photometric algorithms, the selection of the optical design, the allowable jitter amplitude, and the expected noise budget of light-curves as a function of the stellar magnitude for different parameter conditions. The results of our simulations showed that the proposed multi-telescope concept of PLATO can fulfil the defined scientific goal of measuring more than 20000 cool dwarfs brighter than mV =11 with a precision better than 27 ppm/h which is essential for the study of earth-like exo-planetary systems using the transit method.
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