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arXiv 1004.0384astro-ph.CO
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再电离时期的星系光度函数

The Galaxy Luminosity Function during the Reionization Epoch

M. Trenti, M. Stiavelli, R. J. Bouwens, P. Oesch, J. M. Shull, G. D. Illingworth, L. D. Bradley, C. M. Carollo

摘要:

新的宽视场相机3/红外观测哈勃超深场开始研究星系在再电离时期的性质。为了解释这些观测结果,我们提出了一种新的方法的启发条件光度函数方法。我们校准我们的模型在z=6的观测,并假设一个非进化的星系光度与晕质量的关系。我们首先将模型预测与在z=5和z=4时测量的光度函数进行比较。然后,我们预测的光度函数在z>=7的唯一假设下,在底层的暗物质晕质量函数的演变。我们的模型与HUDF巡天中观测到的z>6.5的星系数计数一致,并表明光度函数的暗端斜率可能变陡:与z=6时的alpha=-1.74相比,alpha(z>8)< -1.9。虽然我们目前只能看到最亮的星系,但隐藏的低光度天体(L/ L_{*} > 10^{-4})可能提供总再电离通量的75%以上。假设逃逸分数f_{esc} ~0.2,聚集因子C~5,顶重IMF和低金属丰度,低于检测限的星系在z>8时产生完全再电离。对于太阳金属丰度和正常恒星IMF,再电离在z>6时结束,但要获得与WMAP测量一致的光学厚度,需要较小的C/ f_{esc}。我们的模型强调了亚L * 星系中的恒星形成速率与暗物质晕质量之间存在准线性关系,这表明在z>6时,辐射和机械反馈的有效性不如现在。

英文摘要:

The new Wide Field Camera 3/IR observations on the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field started investigating the properties of galaxies during the reionization epoch. To interpret these observations, we present a novel approach inspired by the conditional luminosity function method. We calibrate our model to observations at z=6 and assume a non-evolving galaxy luminosity versus halo mass relation. We first compare model predictions against the luminosity function measured at z=5 and z=4. We then predict the luminosity function at z>=7 under the sole assumption of evolution in the underlying dark-matter halo mass function. Our model is consistent with the observed z>6.5 galaxy number counts in the HUDF survey and suggests a possible steepening of the faint-end slope of the luminosity function: alpha(z>8)< -1.9 compared to alpha=-1.74 at z=6. Although we currently see only the brightest galaxies, a hidden population of lower luminosity objects (L/L_{*}> 10^{-4}) might provide >75% of the total reionizing flux. Assuming escape fraction f_{esc}~0.2, clumping factor C~5, top heavy-IMF and low metallicity, galaxies below the detection limit produce complete reionization at z>8. For solar metallicity and normal stellar IMF, reionization finishes at z>6, but a smaller C/f_{esc} is required for an optical depth consistent with the WMAP measurement. Our model highlights that the star formation rate in sub-L_* galaxies has a quasi-linear relation to dark-matter halo mass, suggesting that radiative and mechanical feedback were less effective at z>6 than today.

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