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arXiv 1003.5340astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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从L'和M波段巡天观测到的长周期行星的约束

Constraints on Long-Period Planets from an L' and M band Survey of Nearby Sun-Like Stars: Observations

A. N. Heinze, Philip M. Hinz, Suresh Sivanandam, Matthew Kenworthy, Michael Meyer, Douglas Miller

摘要:

我们提出的观测结果的L'和M波段自适应光学(AO)成像调查的54个附近,太阳系外行星的恒星,进行了使用的Clio相机的MMT。我们比迄今为止所有其他行星成像调查都更加集中在非常接近的F,G和K恒星上,优先考虑恒星的接近度高于年轻恒星。我们也是第一次在M波段进行广泛的观测,这是对主要的L'观测的补充。模型预测在L'和M波段的行星/恒星通量比要比在更常用的较短波长(即H波段)的通量比好得多。我们进行了大量的盲模拟,将假行星插入原始数据中,以验证我们的灵敏度,并在$σ$中的源重要性和调查完整性之间建立明确的关系。我们发现97%的置信度检测完整性为10 $σ$来源,但只有46%的7 $σ$来源-提高了对标准程序的关注,假设高完整性在5 $σ$,并证明盲敏感性测试,以建立显着性-完整性关系是一个重要的分析步骤,所有行星成像调查。我们发现了一个以前未知的,大约0.15太阳质量的恒星伴星F9恒星GJ 3876,在约80 AU的投影分离。在其他恒星周围发现了另外12个候选的微弱伴星。其中11颗被确认为背景星,还有一颗是以前已知的褐矮星。我们获得了几乎所有目标恒星周围行星质量物体的灵敏度,在最好的情况下,对3个木星质量以下的物体的灵敏度。在我们的建模结果论文中介绍了基于此空结果对行星种群的约束。

英文摘要:

We present the observational results of an L' and M band Adaptive Optics (AO) imaging survey of 54 nearby, sunlike stars for extrasolar planets, carried out using the Clio camera on the MMT. We have concentrated more strongly than all other planet imaging surveys to date on very nearby F, G, and K stars, prioritizing stellar proximity higher than youth. Ours is also the first survey to include extensive observations in the M band, which supplement the primary L' observations. Models predict much better planet/star flux ratios at the L' and M bands than at more commonly used shorter wavelengths (i.e. the H band). We have carried out extensive blind simulations with fake planets inserted into the raw data to verify our sensitivity, and to establish a definitive relationship between source significance in $σ$ and survey completeness. We find 97% confident-detection completeness for 10$σ$ sources, but only 46% for 7$σ$ sources -- raising concerns about the standard procedure of assuming high completeness at 5$σ$, and demonstrating that blind sensitivity tests to establish the significance-completeness relation are an important analysis step for all planet-imaging surveys. We discovered a previously unknown, approximately 0.15 solar-mass stellar companion to the F9 star GJ 3876, at a projected separation of about 80 AU. Twelve additional candidate faint companions are detected around other stars. Of these, eleven are confirmed to be background stars, and one is a previously known brown dwarf. We obtained sensitivity to planetary-mass objects around almost all of our target stars, with sensitivity to objects below 3 Jupiter masses in the best cases. Constraints on planet populations based on this null result are presented in our Modeling Results paper.

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