Principle objective of Image enhancement is to process an image so that result is more suitable than original image for specific application. Digital image enhancement techniques provide a multitude of choices for improving the visual quality of images. Appropriate choice of such techniques is greatly influenced by the imaging modality, task at hand and viewing conditions. This paper will provide an overview of underlying concepts, along with algorithms commonly used for image enhancement. The paper focuses on spatial domain techniques for image enhancement, with particular reference to point processing methods and histogram processing.
A Comprehensive Survey on Underwater Image Enhancement Based on Deep Learning
School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University（东南大学计算机科学与工程学院）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）；Engineering Research Center of Blockchain Application, Supervision And Management (Southeast University)（区块链应用、监督与管理工程研究中心（东南大学））；State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University（毫米波国家重点实验室，信息科学与工程学院，东南大学）；College of Computing & Data Science at Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学计算与数据科学学院）
Academy for Engineering & Technology, Fudan University（复旦大学工程与应用技术研究院）；College of Information Technology, Shanghai Ocean University（上海海洋大学信息学院）；University of Calabria（卡拉布里亚大学）；School of Computer Science, Fudan University（复旦大学计算机科学学院）；Napier Edinburgh University（爱丁堡龙比亚大学）
Underwater images play a key role in ocean exploration, but often suffer from severe quality degradation due to light absorption and scattering in water medium. Although major breakthroughs have been made recently in the general area of image enhancement and restoration, the applicability of new methods for improving the quality of underwater images has not specifically been captured. In this paper, we review the image enhancement and restoration methods that tackle typical underwater image impairments, including some extreme degradations and distortions. Firstly, we introduce the key causes o…
University of Tsukuba（筑波大学）；Waseda University（早稻田大学）；JST PRESTO（日本科学技术振兴机构 PRESTO 计划）
The remastering of vintage film comprises of a diversity of sub-tasks including super-resolution, noise removal, and contrast enhancement which aim to restore the deteriorated film medium to its original state. Additionally, due to the technical limitations of the time, most vintage film is either recorded in black and white, or has low quality colors, for which colorization becomes necessary. In this work, we propose a single framework to tackle the entire remastering task semi-interactively. Our work is based on temporal convolutional neural networks with attention mechanisms trained on vide…
Fundus Image Quality Assessment and Enhancement: a Systematic Review
Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, SUSTech（南方科技大学可信自主系统研究院）；Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SUSTech（南方科技大学计算机科学与工程系）；Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；Computer School, Beijing Information Science and Technology University（北京信息科技大学计算机学院）；Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)（新加坡科技研究局高性能计算研究所）
Data61, CSIRO（联邦科学与工业研究组织Data61）；Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
The powerful representation capacity of deep learning has made it inevitable for the underwater image enhancement community to employ its potential. The exploration of deep underwater image enhancement networks is increasing over time, and hence; a comprehensive survey is the need of the hour. In this paper, our main aim is two-fold, 1): to provide a comprehensive and in-depth survey of the deep learning-based underwater image enhancement, which covers various perspectives ranging from algorithms to open issues, and 2): to conduct a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the deep algorithm…
Shiraz University of Technology（设拉子理工大学）；Shiraz University of Medical Science（设拉子医科大学）
Image-guided interventions are saving the lives of a large number of patients where the image registration problem should indeed be considered as the most complex and complicated issue to be tackled. On the other hand, the recently huge progress in the field of machine learning made by the possibility of implementing deep neural networks on the contemporary many-core GPUs opened up a promising window to challenge with many medical applications, where the registration is not an exception. In this paper, a comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art literature known as medical image registratio…
Color image segmentation is a very emerging research topic in the area of color image analysis and pattern recognition. Many state-of-the-art algorithms have been developed for this purpose. But, often the segmentation results of these algorithms seem to be suffering from miss-classifications and over-segmentation. The reasons behind these are the degradation of image quality during the acquisition, transmission and color space conversion. So, here arises the need of an efficient image enhancement technique which can remove the redundant pixels or noises from the color image before proceeding …
Visual enhancement and 3D representation for underwater scenes: a review
Visual Information Laboratory, University of Bristol（视觉信息实验室，布里斯托尔大学）；Submerged Resources Center, National Park Service（水下资源中心，国家公园服务）；Marine Imaging Technologies, LLC（海洋成像技术有限公司）；Gates Underwater Products, Inc（盖茨水下产品公司）；Esprit film and television Ltd（Esprit电影和电视有限公司）
The raising availability of 3D cameras and dramatic improvement of computer vision algorithms in the recent decade, accelerated the research of automatic movement assessment solutions. Such solutions can be implemented at home, using affordable equipment and dedicated software. In this paper, we divide the movement assessment task into secondary tasks and explain why they are needed and how they can be addressed. We review the recent solutions for automatic movement assessment from skeleton videos, comparing them by their objectives, features, movement domains and algorithmic approaches. In ad…
In video-surveillance, person re-identification is the task of recognising whether an individual has already been observed over a network of cameras. Typically, this is achieved by exploiting the clothing appearance, as classical biometric traits like the face are impractical in real-world video surveillance scenarios. Clothing appearance is represented by means of low-level \textit{local} and/or \textit{global} features of the image, usually extracted according to some part-based body model to treat different body parts (e.g. torso and legs) independently. This paper provides a comprehensive …
Dynamic attention mechanism and global modeling ability make Transformer show strong feature learning ability. In recent years, Transformer has become comparable to CNNs methods in computer vision. This review mainly investigates the current research progress of Transformer in image and video applications, which makes a comprehensive overview of Transformer in visual learning understanding. First, the attention mechanism is reviewed, which plays an essential part in Transformer. And then, the visual Transformer model and the principle of each module are introduced. Thirdly, the existing Transf…
University of Wollongong（卧龙岗大学）；CSIRO Data61（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织 Data61）；University of Sydney（悉尼大学）
Classification of HEp-2 cell patterns plays a significant role in the indirect immunofluorescence test for identifying autoimmune diseases in the human body. Many automatic HEp-2 cell classification methods have been proposed in recent years, amongst which deep learning based methods have shown impressive performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing deep learning based HEp-2 cell image classification methods. These methods perform HEp-2 image classification at two levels, namely, cell-level and specimen-level. Both levels are covered in this review. At each level, th…
University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；University of Luebeck（吕贝克大学）；Northeastern University（东北大学）；China Medical University（中国医科大学）
In the past ten years, the computing power of machine vision (MV) has been continuously improved, and image analysis algorithms have developed rapidly. At the same time, histopathological slices can be stored as digital images. Therefore, MV algorithms can provide doctors with diagnostic references. In particular, the continuous improvement of deep learning algorithms has further improved the accuracy of MV in disease detection and diagnosis. This paper reviews the applications of image processing technology based on MV in lymphoma histopathological images in recent years, including segmentati…
Multimodal Large Language Models for Text-rich Image Understanding: A Comprehensive Review
Meituan（美团）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）
Northeastern University（东北大学）；Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所）；Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）；Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University（中国医科大学附属盛京医院）；Cancer Hospital of China Medical University（中国医科大学附属肿瘤医院）
Pathology image analysis is an essential procedure for clinical diagnosis of many diseases. To boost the accuracy and objectivity of detection, nowadays, an increasing number of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system is proposed. Among these methods, random field models play an indispensable role in improving the analysis performance. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of pathology image analysis based on the markov random fields (MRFs) and conditional random fields (CRFs), which are two popular random field models. Firstly, we introduce the background of two random fields and …
A Comprehensive Review of Knowledge Distillation in Computer Vision
Bharti School of Telecommunication Technology and management, Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi（印度理工学院新德里分校巴蒂电信技术与管理学院）；National Institute of Technology Srinagar（斯利那加国家理工学院）
Fudan University（复旦大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；University of Shanghai for Science and Technology（上海理工大学）
Point cloud completion is a generation and estimation issue derived from the partial point clouds, which plays a vital role in the applications in 3D computer vision. The progress of deep learning (DL) has impressively improved the capability and robustness of point cloud completion. However, the quality of completed point clouds is still needed to be further enhanced to meet the practical utilization. Therefore, this work aims to conduct a comprehensive survey on various methods, including point-based, convolution-based, graph-based, and generative model-based approaches, etc. And this survey…
Deep learning (DL) algorithms are considered as a methodology of choice for remote-sensing image analysis over the past few years. Due to its effective applications, deep learning has also been introduced for automatic change detection and achieved great success. The present study attempts to provide a comprehensive review and a meta-analysis of the recent progress in this subfield. Specifically, we first introduce the fundamentals of deep learning methods which arefrequently adopted for change detection. Secondly, we present the details of the meta-analysis conducted to examine the status of …
Deep supervision, or known as 'intermediate supervision' or 'auxiliary supervision', is to add supervision at hidden layers of a neural network. This technique has been increasingly applied in deep neural network learning systems for various computer vision applications recently. There is a consensus that deep supervision helps improve neural network performance by alleviating the gradient vanishing problem, as one of the many strengths of deep supervision. Besides, in different computer vision applications, deep supervision can be applied in different ways. How to make the most use of deep su…
A Comprehensive Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Major Retinal Conditions
University of Tennessee Health Science Center（田纳西大学健康科学中心）；Khalifa University（哈利法大学）；National University of Sciences and Technology（巴基斯坦国立科技大学）；Margalla Institute of Health Sciences（马尔加拉健康科学学院）；Abu Dhabi University（阿布扎比大学）；Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar（威尔康奈尔医学院卡塔尔分校）
Northeastern University（东北大学）；Hunan First Normal University（湖南第一师范学院）；University of Luebeck（吕贝克大学）
Microorganisms are widely distributed in the human daily living environment. They play an essential role in environmental pollution control, disease prevention and treatment, and food and drug production. The analysis of microorganisms is essential for making full use of different microorganisms. The conventional analysis methods are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, the automatic image analysis based on artificial neural networks is introduced to optimize it. However, the automatic microorganism image analysis faces many challenges, such as the requirement of a robust algorithm caused …
National Institute of Technology, Warangal（瓦朗加尔国家理工学院）；Aarhus University（奥胡斯大学）
Recent developments in video analysis of sports and computer vision techniques have achieved significant improvements to enable a variety of critical operations. To provide enhanced information, such as detailed complex analysis in sports like soccer, basketball, cricket, badminton, etc., studies have focused mainly on computer vision techniques employed to carry out different tasks. This paper presents a comprehensive review of sports video analysis for various applications high-level analysis such as detection and classification of players, tracking player or ball in sports and predicting th…
Predictive Modeling, Pattern Recognition, and Spatiotemporal Representations of Plant Growth in Simulated and Controlled Environments: A Comprehensive Review
Southwest Jiaotong University（西南交通大学）；Mississippi State University（密西西比州立大学）；University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；University of Extremadura（埃斯特雷马杜拉大学）
Hyperspectral unmixing has been an important technique that estimates a set of endmembers and their corresponding abundances from a hyperspectral image (HSI). Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) plays an increasingly significant role in solving this problem. In this article, we present a comprehensive survey of the NMF-based methods proposed for hyperspectral unmixing. Taking the NMF model as a baseline, we show how to improve NMF by utilizing the main properties of HSIs (e.g., spectral, spatial, and structural information). We categorize three important development directions including con…
Northeastern University（东北大学）；Stevens Institute of Technology（史蒂文斯理工学院）；Cancer Hospital of China Medical University（中国医科大学附属肿瘤医院）；Chengdu University of Information Technology（成都信息工程大学）
Breast cancer is one of the most common and deadliest cancers among women. Since histopathological images contain sufficient phenotypic information, they play an indispensable role in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancers. To improve the accuracy and objectivity of Breast Histopathological Image Analysis (BHIA), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approaches are widely used in the segmentation and classification tasks of breast histopathological images. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the BHIA techniques based on ANNs. First of all, we categorize the BHIA systems int…
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology（孟加拉国工程技术大学）；Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center（辛辛那提儿童医院医疗中心）；University of Cincinnati College of Medicine（辛辛那提大学医学院）；University of Cincinnati（辛辛那提大学）
Image registration is a critical component in the applications of various medical image analyses. In recent years, there has been a tremendous surge in the development of deep learning (DL)-based medical image registration models. This paper provides a comprehensive review of medical image registration. Firstly, a discussion is provided for supervised registration categories, for example, fully supervised, dual supervised, and weakly supervised registration. Next, similarity-based as well as generative adversarial network (GAN)-based registration are presented as part of unsupervised registrat…
Advancing Object Detection in Transportation with Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs): A Comprehensive Review and Empirical Testing
Arab American University（阿拉伯美国大学）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；Budapest University of Technology and Economics（布达佩斯技术与经济大学）；Al-Ahliyya Amman University（阿赫利耶阿曼大学）；Queensland University of Technology（昆士兰科技大学）
Medical Reasoning in the Era of LLMs: A Systematic Review of Enhancement Techniques and Applications
Renmin University of China（中国人民大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School（麻省总医院和哈佛医学院）
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）；Data61, CSIRO（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织 Data61）；The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Hunan University（湖南大学）；Sungkyunkwan University（成均馆大学）
This work provides the community with a timely comprehensive review of backdoor attacks and countermeasures on deep learning. According to the attacker's capability and affected stage of the machine learning pipeline, the attack surfaces are recognized to be wide and then formalized into six categorizations: code poisoning, outsourcing, pretrained, data collection, collaborative learning and post-deployment. Accordingly, attacks under each categorization are combed. The countermeasures are categorized into four general classes: blind backdoor removal, offline backdoor inspection, online backdo…
