We present single-crystal neutron-diffraction data for the spin-chain compound Ca3Co2O6. The intensity and line shapes of the two families of Bragg peaks characterising both the antiferromagnetic and the ferromagnetic components of the magnetic order present in this material have been measured as a function of temperature and applied magnetic fields of up to 5 T. We have studied the microscopic nature of the magnetic order at each step seen in the bulk magnetisation and investigated the evolution of the long and short-range components of the magnetic order in Ca3Co2O6.
A study of the zero field and field induced magnetic states of the frustrated rare earth tetraboride, HoB$_4$, has been carried out using single crystal neutron diffraction complemented by magnetisation measurements. In zero field, HoB$_4$ shows magnetic phase transitions at $T_{\mathrm{N1}}$ = 7.1 K to an incommensurate state with a propagation vector ($δ$, $δ$, $δ'$), where $δ$ = 0.02 and $δ'$ = 0.43 and at $T_{\mathrm{N2}}$ = 5.7 K to a non-collinear commensurate antiferromagnetic structure. Polarised neutron diffraction measurements in zero field have revealed that the incommensurate refle…
Direct observation of the ground state of a 1/3 quantum magnetization plateau in SrMn$_3$P$_4$O$_{14}$ using neutron diffraction measurements
利用中子衍射测量可以直接研究磁化平台场的基态（平台基态）。我们对自旋为5/2的三聚体物质SrMn $_3$ P $_4$ O $_{14}$在磁化平台场中进行了中子衍射测量。用孤立三聚体模型的平台基态中每个自旋的期望值计算的磁反射积分强度与在磁化平台场中的实验结果吻合得很好。我们成功地在SrMn $_3$ P $_4$ O $_{14}$中直接观察到了一个平台基态。
Polar magnetism is present when ions occupy sites that are not centres of inversion symmetry. Fortunately, such magnetization contributes to neutron scattering that is the bedrock of magnetic structure determinations. Experiments in which the scattered neutron polarization is analysed are not a novelty. Simulations of polarized neutron scattering amplitudes for room temperature haematite (alpha-Fe2O3) demonstrate the wealth of information on offer. Two magnetic motifs distinguished by the orientation of their bulk ferromagnetism are considered. Additionally, the symmetry-inspired simulations c…
We study a neutron diffraction by A phase of MnSi using a dynamical theory of diffraction and three wave approximation. We show that the neutron diffraction is asymmetrical with respect to an incident plane. The asymmetry depends on a sign of an external magnetic field. This phenomenon can be considered as the Hall effect for neutrons.
The magnetic structure of CsCo2Se2 was investigated using single-crystal neutron diffraction technique. An antiferromagnetic transition with the propagation vector (0,0,1) was observed at T_N = 78 K. The Co magnetic moment 0.772(6) μ_B at 10 K pointing in the basal plane couples ferromagnetically in the plane which stacks antiferromagnetically along the c direction. Tuning and suppressing the interplane antiferromagnetic interaction may be crucial to induce the material to a superconducting state.
We measured the magnetic correlations in the triangular lattice spin-liquid candidate material YbMgGaO$_4$ via polarized neutron diffraction. The extracted in-plane and out-of-plane components of the magnetic structure factor show clear anisotropy. We found that short-range correlations persist at the lowest measured temperature of 52 mK and neutron scattering intensity is centered at the $M$ middle-point of the hexagonal Brillouin-zone edge. Moreover, we found pronounced spin anisotropy, with different correlation lengths for the in-plane and out-of-plane spin components. When comparing to a …
We report single-crystal neutron diffraction study of the magnetic structure of the multiferroic compound YbMnO$_3$, a member of the hexagonal manganite family, in zero-field and under a magnetic field applied along the $c$-axis. We propose a scenario for the zero-field magnetic ordering and for the field-induced magnetic reorientation of the Mn and of the two Yb on distinct crystallographic sites, compatible with the macroscopic measurements, as well as with previous powder neutron diffraction experiment and results from other techniques (optical second harmonic generation, Mössbauer spectros…
A recent polarized neutron diffraction experiment on the 5d2 rhenium double perovskite Ba2YReO6 held at a low temperature uncovered weak magnetic diffraction peaks. Data analysis inferred a significantly reduced Re dipole moment, and long-range order compatible with an antiferromagnet, non-collinear motif. To interpret the experimental findings, we present a model wavefunction for Re ions derived from the crystal field potential, Coulomb interaction, and spin-orbit coupling that fully respects the symmetry of the low-temperature ordered state. It is used to calculate in analytic form all multi…
A theory that fully describes previously observed neutron Bragg spots indicative of magnetic order in the pseudo-gap phase of YBa2Cu3O6 + x is presented. Magnetic diffraction intensities, unveiled by polarization analysis, are explained by parity-violating magnetic (magneto-electric) quadrupoles at in-plane Cu sites arranged in a simple ferro-type motif. An absence of conventional spin and orbital angular momentum dipoles in the theory is compatible with the occurrence of superconductivity and strongly suggests, moreover, that magneto-electric quadrupoles are the primary order-parameter in the…
In this work, we investigate the evolution and settling of magnon condensation in the spin-1/2 dimer system Sr$_{3}$Cr$_{2}$O$_{8}$ using a combination of magnetostriction in pulsed fields and inelastic neutron scattering in a continuous magnetic field. The magnetic structure in the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) phase was probed by neutron diffraction in pulsed magnetic fields up to 39~T. The magnetic structure in this phase was confirmed to be an XY-antiferromagnetic structure validated by irreducible representational analysis. The magnetic phase diagram as a function of an applied magneti…
The magnetization-density distribution in the metallic ferromagnet SrRuO$_3$ was studied by means of polarized neutron diffraction. The analyzes by multipole refinements and by the maximum entropy method consistently reveal a strong polarization of all oxygen sites carrying 30\% of the total magnetization. The spin-density distribution on the Ru site exhibits a nearly cubic shape in agreement with an almost equal occupation of $t_{2g}$ orbitals and $pd$ hybridization. The experimental analysis is well reproduced by density functional calculations. There is no qualitative change in the magnetiz…
We present a single-crystal neutron diffraction study on the Shastry-Sutherland lattice system TbB$_4$ at zero magnetic field and under pulsed high magnetic fields up to 35 T applied along the crystallographic $c$ axis. While our results confirm the magnetic structures at zero-field as well as those at the half- and full-magnetization plateaus, they offer new insight into the $\frac{2}{9}$- and $\frac{1}{3}$-magnetization plateaus observed in this system. A stripe model of polarized 4-spin-plaquettes whose stripe density proportionally increases with the macroscopic magnetization is in full ag…
Magnetic Order of Dresselhaus-type Antiferromagnet EuIr$_4$In$_2$Ge$_4$ Studied by Single Crystal Neutron Diffraction
Materials Sciences Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子力研究机构材料科学研究中心）；Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子力研究机构先进科学研究中心）；J-PARC center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency（日本原子力研究机构J-帕克中心）；Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society（综合科学研究机构）；Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University（东京都立大学物理系）；RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science（理化学研究所新兴物质科学中心）
The magnetic structure of the intermetallic compound EuGa$_4$ was investigated using single-crystal neutron diffraction with the time-of-flight (TOF) Laue technique on the new diffractometer SENJU at MLF of J-PARC. In spite of high neutron absorption of Eu, a vast number of diffraction spots were observed without isotope enrichment. The magnetic reflections were appeared at the positions with the diffraction indices of $h+k+l{\neq}2n$ below 16 K, indicating that the ordering vector is ${\bf q}=(0~0~0)$. Continuous evolution of magnetic reflection intensity below $T_{\rm N}$ follows a squared B…
We present the low-temperature magnetic structures of SrGd$_2$O$_4$ combining neutron diffraction methods on polycrystalline and single-crystal samples containing the $^{160}$Gd isotope. In contrast to other members of the Sr$Ln_2$O$_4$ family ($Ln$ = lanthanide) this system reveals two long-range ordered magnetic phases, which our diffraction data unambiguously identify. Below $T_{\rm N1}$ = 2.73~K, a $\mathbf{q}_1$ = (0 0 0) magnetic structure is stabilized where ferromagnetic chains along the $c$~axis (space group $Pnam$) are coupled antiferromagnetically with neighboring chains. On cooling…
We study the magnetism in NdFe$_2$Ga$_8$ by the neutron-diffraction and temperature-modulated linear {Grüneisen} parameter measurements. Previous thermodynamical measurements have demonstrated that there are two magnetic transitions at 10 and 14.5 K, respectively. Neutron-diffraction measurements confirm that the lower one is an antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition with a commensurate magnetic structure. Both the commensurate and the incommensurate (IC) magnetic peaks are found below the higher transition but their intensities only gradually increase with decreasing temperature. Below 10 K, the …
The suppression of magnetic order with pressure concomitant with the appearance of pressure- induced superconductivity was recently discovered in CrAs. Here we present a neutron diffraction study of the pressure evolution of the helimagnetic ground-state towards and in the vicinity of the superconducting phase. Neutron diffraction on polycrystalline CrAs was employed from zero pressure to 0.65 GPa and at various temperatures. The helimagnetic long-range order is sustained under pressure and the magnetic propagation vector does not show any considerable change. The average ordered magnetic mome…
The discovery of superconductivity in the 122 iron selenide materials above 30 K necessitates an understanding of the underlying magnetic interactions. We present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of magnetic and semiconducting Ce$_{2}$O$_{2}$FeSe$_{2}$ composed of chains of edge-linked iron selenide tetrahedra. The combined neutron diffraction and inelastic scattering study and density functional calculations confirm the ferromagnetic nature of nearest-neighbour Fe -- Se -- Fe interactions in the ZrCuSiAs-related iron oxyselenide Ce$_{2}$O$_{2}$FeSe$_{2}$. Inelastic measur…
Magnetic structure of tetragonal UAu$_2$Si$_2$ was investigated by single-crystal neutron diffraction experiments. Below $T_{\rm N}$ = 20 K it orders antiferromagnetically with a propagation vector of $k = (2/3, 0, 0)$ and magnetic moments of uranium ions pointing along the tetragonal $c$-axis. Weak signs of the presence of a ferromagnetic component of magnetic moment were traced out.Taking into account a group theory calculation and experimental results of magnetization and $^{29}$Si-NMR, the magnetic structure is determined to be a squared-up antiferromagnetic structure, with a stacking sequ…
Ba2MnTeO6 was first characterised using X-ray diffraction and reported to show a small distortion1 from the idealised cubic perovskite which displays face-centred cubic arrangement of Mn2+. A recent report has asserted that this leads to a layered configuration of Mn2+ that serves as an example of a triangular lattice, i.e. a 2D structure containing discreet layers.2 Here we show how neutron scattering gives great confidence in establishing the crystal structure being an undistorted cubic phase and how this can be mis-assigned as a triangular layered structure. This has profound implications f…
CoAl2O4 spinel with magnetic Co2+ ions on the diamond A-lattice is known to be magnetically frustrated. We compare neutron single crystal diffraction patterns measured in zero and applied magnetic fields with the ones obtained from classical Monte-Carlo models. In simulations we test the influence of various parameters on diffraction patterns: the ratio of nearest-, J1, and next-nearest, J2, neighbor interactions, magnetic field applied along the principal crystallographic directions, and random disorder on the A(Co2+)- and B(Al3+)- sites. We conclude that the models considered so far explain …
Neutron diffraction measurements on a single crystal of CeGe1.76 reveal a complex series of magnetic transitions at low temperature. At T_N = 7 K, there is a transition from a paramagnetic state at higher temperature to an incommensurate magnetic structure characterized by a magnetic propagation vector (0 0 tau) with tau approx. 1/4 and the magnetic moment along the a axis of the orthorhombic unit cell. Below T_LI = 5 K, the magnetic structure locks in to a commensurate structure with tau = 1/4 and the magnetic moment remains along the a axis. Below T* = 4 K, we find additional half-integer an…
Two geometrically frustrated magnets studied by neutron diffraction
在烧绿石化合物Tb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$和Tb $_2$ Sn $_2$ O $_7$中，只有Tb $^{3+}$离子是磁性的。它们表现出相当异常的-而且，鉴于它们的化学相似性，又有着惊人的不同-磁行为，正如在环境压力和外加压力下用中子衍射所探测到的那样。Tb $_2$ Ti $_2$ O $_7$是一种协同顺磁体（“自旋液体”），在环境压力下没有长程序;然而，它在压力下变得有序。相比之下，Tb $_2$ Sn $_2$ O $_7$在环境压力下已经进入“有序自旋冰”状态。我们分析一个简单的模型，它已经清楚地表现出一些实验观察到的定性特征。总的来说，比较这两种化合物强调了在几何受挫系统中选择低温状态的小扰动的力量。
Observation of Altermagnetic Order Switching in Bulk MnTe by Polarized Neutron Diffraction
Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo（东京大学固体物理研究所）；RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS)（理化学研究所新兴物质科学中心）；Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization（高能加速器研究机构物质结构科学研究所）；Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute, the University of Tokyo（东京大学跨尺度量子科学研究所）
To clarify the magnetic properties of cluster-glass states in Sr1-xLaxRuO3 (0.3 <= x <= 0.5), we report herein the results of muon spin relaxation (muSR) and neutron powder diffraction measurements. The muSR experiments showed that magnetic clusters start developing well above the peak temperature T^* in the ac susceptibility. The volume fraction of the magnetically ordered region increases continuously with decreasing temperature, showing no anomaly at T^*, and reaches nearly 100% at the lowest temperature. The temperature variation of the volume fraction is essentially independent of the La …
We report the ground state magnetic structure and in-field magnetostrictive effects of NiTiO$_3$ studied by means of zero field and in-field single-crystal neutron diffraction, magnetization, and high-resolution dilatometry experiments. Zero-field neutron diffraction on NiTiO$_3$ single crystals reveals an easy-plane antiferromagnet with a multidomain ground state. Upon application of external magnetic fields, neutron diffraction shows the evolution of domains with spins perpendicular to the applied field. The rotation of spins in the multidomain state exhibits pronounced lattice changes in th…
Bulk studies have revealed a first-order valence phase transition in Ba$_2$PrRu$_{1-x}$Ir$_x$O$_6$ ($0.10 \le x \le 0.25$), which is absent in the parent compounds with $x = 0$ (Pr$^{3+}$) and $x =1$ (Pr$^{4+}$), which exhibit antiferromagnetic order with transition temperatures $T_{\rm N} = 120$ and 72 K, respectively. In the present study, we have used magnetization, heat capacity, neutron diffraction, inelastic neutron scattering and x-ray absorption measurements to investigate the nature of the Pr ion in $x =0.1$. The magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity of $x =0.1$ show a clear sign …
The magnetic structure of the spin-chain antiferromagnet SrCo2V2O8 is determined by single-crystal neutron diffraction experiment. The system undergoes magnetic long range order below T_N = 4.96 K. The moment of 2.16μ_B per Co at 1.6 K in the screw chain running along the c axis alternates in the c-axis. The moments of neighboring screw chains are arranged antiferromagnetically along one in-plane axis and ferromagnetically along the other in-plane axis. This magnetic configuration breaks the 4-fold symmetry of the tetragonal crystal structure and leads to two equally populated magnetic twins w…
Neutron diffraction on a triple-axis spectrometer and a small-angle neutron scattering instrument is used to study the magnetic phase transition in tetragonal Ba$_2$CuGe$_2$O$_7$ at zero magnetic field. In addition to the incommensurate cycloidal antiferromagnetic (AFM) long-range order, we establish that weak incommensurate ferromagnetism (FM) also arises below the transition temperature $T_N$ identified by sharp Bragg peaks close to the $Γ$ point. The intensities of both the incommensurate AFM and FM Bragg peaks vanish abruptly at $T_N$ indicative of a weak first-order transition. Above $T_N…
The low temperature lattice structure and magnetic properties of Co$_{2.75}$Fe$_{0.25}$O$_4$ ferrite have been investigated using experimental results from synchrotron x-ray diffraction (SXRD), dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, neutron diffraction and neutron depolarization techniques. The samples have been prepared by chemical co-precipitation of the Fe and Co nitrates solution in high alkaline medium and subsequent thermal annealing of the precipitates in the temperature range of 200- 900 $^\circ$C. Rietveld refinement of the SXRD patterns at room temperature indicated two-phased cubic sp…
