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arXiv 1003.1964cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.supr-conhep-th
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拓扑表面超导体中的费米Hopf孤子和Berry相位

Fermionic Hopf solitons and Berry's phase in topological surface superconductors

Ying Ran, Pavan Hosur, Ashvin Vishwanath

摘要:

许多物体物理学的一个中心主题是涌现--当几个粒子聚集在一起时,新的性质就会出现。特别吸引人的是量子统计可能是一种涌现的性质。这一点首先在核物质的Skyrme模型中被注意到,在这个模型中,一个完全用玻色子序参量场来表述的理论包含了费米子激发。这些激发是平滑场纹理,并且被认为描述了中子和质子。我们认为当超导能隙超出其表面态时,类似的现象也发生在拓扑绝缘体中。这里,平滑纹理自然地由三分量实向量描述。两个分量描述超导性,而第三个分量捕获能带拓扑。这样一个向量场可以在三维空间中呈现一种“打结”的结构--霍普夫结构--它不能平滑地展开。在这里,我们表明,霍普夫纹理是一个费米子。为了描述所得到的状态,常规的Landau-Ginzburg超导理论必须增加一个拓扑Berry相位项。当霍普夫纹理是最便宜的费米激发,隧道实验的惊人后果的预测。

英文摘要:

A central theme in many body physics is emergence - new properties arise when several particles are brought together. Particularly fascinating is the idea that the quantum statistics may be an emergent property. This was first noted in the Skyrme model of nuclear matter, where a theory formulated entirely in terms of a bosonic order parameter field contains fermionic excitations. These excitations are smooth field textures, and believed to describe neutrons and protons. We argue that a similar phenomenon occurs in topological insulators when superconductivity gaps out their surface states. Here, a smooth texture is naturally described by a three component real vector. Two components describe superconductivity, while the third captures the band topology. Such a vector field can assume a 'knotted' configuration in three dimensional space - the Hopf texture - that cannot smoothly be unwound. Here we show that the Hopf texture is a fermion. To describe the resulting state, the regular Landau-Ginzburg theory of superconductivity must be augmented by a topological Berry phase term. When the Hopf texture is the cheapest fermionic excitation, striking consequences for tunneling experiments are predicted.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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