关于“冰冻星”粒子的解、天体物理学黑洞的性质、物理宇宙中引力奇点的不存在和Birkhoff定理的适用性
On the Solution to the "Frozen Star" Paradox, Nature of Astrophysical Black Holes, non-Existence of Gravitational Singularity in the Physical Universe and Applicability of the Birkhoff's Theorem
摘要：
Oppenheimer和Snyder在1939年发现真空中的引力坍缩产生了一颗“冰冻星”，即，坍缩的物质只是渐近地接近质量的引力半径（事件视界），但对于外部观察者来说，在有限的时间内从未穿过它。基于我们最近发表的关于外部观测者在物理宇宙中的引力坍缩问题的文章，本文报道了以下结果：（1）物质确实可以在有限时间内落过事件视界，因此物理宇宙中的黑洞不是“冻结星”而是在引力坍缩中形成的。(2)落入天体物理学黑洞的物质永远不可能到达确切的中心;物质的确切内部分布取决于坍缩过程的历史。因此，引力奇点在物理宇宙中并不存在。(3)任何半径处的度量都由物质的全球分布决定，即，不仅是在给定半径内的物质，甚至在球对称和无压的引力系统中。这与牛顿引力理论和对Birkhoff定理的一般理解有着本质的区别。对于外部观察者来说，这个结果并不符合“Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi”解。
英文摘要：
Oppenheimer and Snyder found in 1939 that gravitational collapse in vacuum produces a "frozen star", i.e., the collapsing matter only asymptotically approaches the gravitational radius (event horizon) of the mass, but never crosses it within a finite time for an external observer. Based upon our recent publication on the problem of gravitational collapse in the physical universe for an external observer, the following results are reported here: (1) Matter can indeed fall across the event horizon within a finite time and thus BHs, rather than "frozen stars", are formed in gravitational collapse in the physical universe. (2) Matter fallen into an astrophysical black hole can never arrive at the exact center; the exact interior distribution of matter depends upon the history of the collapse process. Therefore gravitational singularity does not exist in the physical universe. (3) The metric at any radius is determined by the global distribution of matter, i.e., not only by the matter inside the given radius, even in a spherically symmetric and pressureless gravitational system. This is qualitatively different from the Newtonian gravity and the common (mis)understanding of the Birkhoff's Theorem. This result does not contract the "Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi" solution for an external observer.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
