月球上光学器件的长期退化
Long-term degradation of optical devices on the moon
摘要：
四十年前，阿波罗宇航员在月球表面放置了第一个后向反射器阵列。它们在激光测距中的持续实用性可能表明月球环境不会损坏光学设备。然而，新的激光测距数据显示，三个阿波罗反射器阵列的效率现在在所有月相都降低了十倍，当月相接近满月时，又降低了十倍。这些缺陷在月球测距的最初几年并不存在，这表明月球环境在几十年的时间尺度上损坏光学设备。角隅棱镜正面的灰尘或磨损可能是原因，当满月时暴露在正面阳光下时，会降低反射率并降低热性能。这些机制可以通过实验室模拟进行测试，在设计用于月球的设备之前必须了解这些机制。
英文摘要：
Forty years ago, Apollo astronauts placed the first of several retroreflector arrays on the lunar surface. Their continued usefulness for laser-ranging might suggest that the lunar environment does not damage optical devices. However, new laser ranging data reveal that the efficiency of the three Apollo reflector arrays is now diminished by a factor of ten at all lunar phases and by an additional factor of ten when the lunar phase is near full moon. These deficits did not exist in the earliest years of lunar ranging, indicating that the lunar environment damages optical equipment on the timescale of decades. Dust or abrasion on the front faces of the corner-cube prisms may be responsible, reducing their reflectivity and degrading their thermal performance when exposed to face-on sunlight at full moon. These mechanisms can be tested using laboratory simulations and must be understood before designing equipment destined for the moon.
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