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arXiv 1002.4565astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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Milky Way和Andromeda galaxies的群众

The Masses of the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies

L. L. Watkins, N. W. Evans, J. An

摘要:

我们提出了一个家庭的强大的示踪剂质量估计计算封闭的质量的星系晕从离散的位置和运动学数据的示踪剂,如晕星,球状星团和矮卫星的样本。数据可以是投影位置、距离、视线速度或自行。给出了适合于银河系和M31的估计量的形式。蒙特卡罗模拟用于量化作为样本量函数的不确定性。对于银河系,卫星样本由26个具有视线速度的星系组成。我们发现,假设速度各向同性,300 kpc以内的银河系质量约为0.9 x 10^12太阳质量。然而,质量估计对各向异性很敏感,可能介于0.7 - 3.4 x 10^12太阳质量之间。将6颗银河系卫星的自行纳入数据集,我们发现约1.4 x 10^12太阳质量。如果使用合理的各向异性,这里的范围更广,从1.2 - 2.7 x 10^12太阳质量。对于M31,有23个卫星星系有观测到的视线速度,但只有M33和IC 10有自行。我们利用卫星星系的视速度和距离估算出M31在300 kpc以内的质量约为1.4 x 10^12太阳质量(假设各向同性)。它对各向异性的依赖性很小,质量在1.3 - 1.6 x 10^12太阳质量之间变化。考虑到不确定性,我们得出结论,卫星数据本身并不能可靠地了解这两个星系中哪一个质量更大。

英文摘要:

We present a family of robust tracer mass estimators to compute the enclosed mass of galaxy haloes from samples of discrete positional and kinematical data of tracers, such as halo stars, globular clusters and dwarf satellites. The data may be projected positions, distances, line of sight velocities or proper motions. Forms of the estimator tailored for the Milky Way galaxy and for M31 are given. Monte Carlo simulations are used to quantify the uncertainty as a function of sample size. For the Milky Way, the satellite sample consists of 26 galaxies with line-of-sight velocities. We find that the mass of the Milky Way within 300 kpc is ~ 0.9 x 10^12 solar masses assuming velocity isotropy. However, the mass estimate is sensitive to the anisotropy and could plausibly lie between 0.7 - 3.4 x 10^12 solar masses. Incorporating the proper motions of 6 Milky Way satellites into the dataset, we find ~ 1.4 x 10^12 solar masses. The range here if plausible anisotropies are used is still broader, from 1.2 - 2.7 x 10^12 solar masses. For M31, there are 23 satellite galaxies with measured line-of-sight velocities, but only M33 and IC 10 have proper motions. We use the line of sight velocities and distances of the satellite galaxies to estimate the mass of M31 within 300 kpc as ~ 1.4 x 10^12 solar masses assuming isotropy. There is only a modest dependence on anisotropy, with the mass varying between 1.3 -1.6 x 10^12 solar masses. Given the uncertainties, we conclude that the satellite data by themselves yield no reliable insights into which of the two galaxies is actually the more massive.

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