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arXiv 1002.3393astro-ph.CO
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来自温热星系际介质的金属线发射:II。紫外

Metal-line emission from the warm-hot intergalactic medium: II. Ultraviolet

Serena Bertone, Joop Schaye, C. M. Booth, Claudio Dalla Vecchia, Tom Theuns, Robert P. C. Wiersma

摘要:

局部宇宙中大约有一半的重子被认为存在于温暖的星系际介质(WHIM)中。金属在紫外波段的发射线是这种气体较冷部分的极好示踪剂。我们提出了一个紫外线样本的表面亮度的预测,可能会被下一代的紫外线望远镜在z<1。我们使用一个子集的模拟从OWLS项目创建发射图,并调查不同的物理处方恒星形成,超新星和AGN反馈,化学动力学和辐射冷却的影响。大多数模型产生的结果在几个因素内一致,表明预测是稳健的。在我们所考虑的谱线中,C III是最强的谱线,但它通常跟踪温度低于10^5 K的气体。Si IV也是如此。第二强的谱线C IV追踪环银河系气体,温度约为10^5 K。O VI和Ne VIII探测温度较高(T分别为10^5.5 K和10^6 K)和扩散性较强的气体,这可能是大尺度结构的较好示踪剂。N-V辐射介于C-IV和O-VI之间.所有发射线的强度随着气体密度和金属含量的增加而强烈增加,并且对于明亮的发射,它与线发射率最高的温度密切相关。特别是,C III、C IV、Si IV和O VI的发射足够明亮,在不久的将来可能被探测到(>10^3光子/s/cm ^2/sr),来自相对致密(rho>10^2 rho_mean)和富含金属(Z>0.1 Z_sun)的气体。因此,发射谱线是丢失重子的高度偏置示踪剂,并不是关闭重子预算的最佳工具。然而,它们确实提供了一种强有力的手段来探测气体冷却到星系和星系群上或流出星系和星系群。(节录)

英文摘要:

Approximately half the baryons in the local Universe are thought to reside in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM). Emission lines from metals in the UV band are excellent tracers of the cooler fraction of this gas. We present predictions for the surface brightness of a sample of UV lines that could potentially be observed by the next generation of UV telescopes at z<1. We use a subset of simulations from the OWLS project to create emission maps and to investigate the effect of varying the physical prescriptions for star formation, supernova and AGN feedback, chemodynamics and radiative cooling. Most models produce results in agreement within a factor of a few, indicating that the predictions are robust. Of the lines we consider, C III is the strongest line, but it typically traces gas colder than 10^5 K. The same is true for Si IV. The second strongest line, C IV, traces circum-galactic gas with T~10^5 K. O VI and Ne VIII probe the warmer (T~10^5.5 K and T~10^6 K, respectively) and more diffuse gas that may be a better tracer of the large scale structure. N V emission is intermediate between C IV and O VI. The intensity of all emission lines increases strongly with gas density and metallicity, and for the bright emission it is tightly correlated with the temperature for which the line emissivity is highest. In particular, the C III, C IV, Si IV and O VI emission that is sufficiently bright to be potentially detectable in the near future (>10^3 photon/s/cm^2/sr), comes from relatively dense (rho>10^2 rho_mean) and metal rich (Z>0.1 Z_sun) gas. As such, emission lines are highly biased tracers of the missing baryons and are not an optimal tool to close the baryon budget. However, they do provide a powerful means to detect the gas cooling onto or flowing out of galaxies and groups. (Abridged)

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