Dyson气体的正则和巨正则配分函数作为可积族的τ函数及其费米实现
Canonical and grand canonical partition functions of Dyson gases as tau-functions of integrable hierarchies and their fermionic realization
摘要：
背景势（Dyson气体）中二维库仑荷正则系综的配分函数被实现为自由费米子算符构造的类群元的真空期望值。这种表示提供了一个明确的标识的配分函数与τ函数的2D户田晶格层次。它的无色散（准经典）极限产生的τ-函数的解析曲线编码的可积结构的反势问题和参数共形映射。本文还提出了在理想导体存在下二维库仑荷巨正则系综的配分函数的一个类似的费米子实现。给出了它们作为Fredholm行列式的表示，并讨论了它们与可积族、增长问题和共形映射的关系。
英文摘要：
The partition function for a canonical ensemble of 2D Coulomb charges in a background potential (the Dyson gas) is realized as a vacuum expectation value of a group-like element constructed in terms of free fermionic operators. This representation provides an explicit identification of the partition function with a tau-function of the 2D Toda lattice hierarchy. Its dispersionless (quasiclassical) limit yields the tau-function for analytic curves encoding the integrable structure of the inverse potential problem and parametric conformal maps. A similar fermionic realization of partition functions for grand canonical ensembles of 2D Coulomb charges in the presence of an ideal conductor is also suggested. Their representation as Fredholm determinants is given and their relation to integrable hierarchies, growth problems and conformal maps is discussed.
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