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arXiv 1002.1712astro-ph.CO
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在盘星系的小合并中生长大质量黑洞对

Growing Massive Black Hole Pairs in Minor Mergers of Disk Galaxies

S. Callegari, S. Kazantzidis, L. Mayer, M. Colpi, J. M. Bellovary, T. Quinn, J. Wadsley

摘要:

我们进行了一套高分辨率的光滑粒子流体动力学模拟研究的轨道衰减和质量演化的大规模黑洞(MBH)对下到30 pc的规模较小合并的盘星系。我们的模拟集包括恒星形成和吸积到MBH,以及从这两个过程的反馈。考虑从z~3开始的1:10合并事件,MBH质量在激光干涉仪空间天线的灵敏度窗口内,我们跟踪合并动力学和MBH质量比演化之间的耦合,直到卫星星系被潮汐破坏。虽然更大质量的MBH在大多数情况下会像孤立星系一样吸积,但卫星MBH可能会经历明显的增强吸积,这是由于强大的潮汐力矩作用于其宿主星系和主星系盘内的轨道圆化。因此,MBH的初始1:10质量比在卫星被破坏时发生变化。根据星系盘中冷气的初始比例和相遇的几何形状,MBH对在卫星破裂时的质量比可以保持不变,也可以达到1:2。值得注意的是,MBH轨道衰变的效率与该对本身的最终质量比相关:显著增加其质量比的MBH对也有望更迅速地螺旋下降到核尺度的分离。这些发现表明,星系核中MBH对的质量比并不一定跟踪其合并的宿主星系的质量比,而是由气体吸积和合并动力学之间复杂的相互作用决定的。

英文摘要:

We perform a suite of high-resolution smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations to investigate the orbital decay and mass evolution of massive black hole (MBH) pairs down to scales of ~30 pc during minor mergers of disk galaxies. Our simulation set includes star formation and accretion onto the MBHs, as well as feedback from both processes. We consider 1:10 merger events starting at z~3, with MBH masses in the sensitivity window of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, and we follow the coupling between the merger dynamics and the evolution of the MBH mass ratio until the satellite galaxy is tidally disrupted. While the more massive MBH accretes in most cases as if the galaxy were in isolation, the satellite MBH may undergo distinct episodes of enhanced accretion, owing to strong tidal torques acting on its host galaxy and to orbital circularization inside the disk of the primary galaxy. As a consequence, the initial 1:10 mass ratio of the MBHs changes by the time the satellite is disrupted. Depending on the initial fraction of cold gas in the galactic disks and the geometry of the encounter, the mass ratios of the MBH pairs at the time of satellite disruption can stay unchanged or become as large as 1:2. Remarkably, the efficiency of MBH orbital decay correlates with the final mass ratio of the pair itself: MBH pairs that increase significantly their mass ratio are also expected to inspiral more promptly down to nuclear-scale separations. These findings indicate that the mass ratios of MBH pairs in galactic nuclei do not necessarily trace the mass ratios of their merging host galaxies, but are determined by the complex interplay between gas accretion and merger dynamics.

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