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arXiv 1002.1224astro-ph.GA
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监测恒星轨道的力量

The power of monitoring stellar orbits

S. Gillessen, F. Eisenhauer, H. Bartko, K. Dodds-Eden, T. K. Fritz, O. Pfuhl, T. Ott, R. Genzel

摘要:

银河系的中心有一个巨大的黑洞。它存在的观测证据是压倒性的。致密射电源Sgr A* 自发现以来一直与黑洞有关。在过去的十年中,对银河系中心最内部区域的单个恒星轨道进行的高分辨率近红外测量表明,在Sgr A* 的位置上,有一个高度集中的质量为4 x 10^6 M_sun。假设广义相对论是正确的,那么Sgr A* 是一个大质量黑洞的结论是必然的。毫无疑问,这是银河系中心恒星轨道最重要的应用。在这里,我们讨论的可能性超出了质量测量提供的监测这些轨道。它们对于许多科学问题都是非常有用的工具,例如到银河系中心的几何距离估计或这些恒星如何到达当前轨道的谜题。未来仪器的改进将开辟测试黑洞引力势中相对论效应的途径,从而充分利用这个独特的天体力学实验室。

英文摘要:

The center of the Milky Way hosts a massive black hole. The observational evidence for its existence is overwhelming. The compact radio source Sgr A* has been associated with a black hole since its discovery. In the last decade, high-resolution, near-infrared measurements of individual stellar orbits in the innermost region of the Galactic Center have shown that at the position of Sgr A* a highly concentrated mass of 4 x 10^6 M_sun is located. Assuming that general relativity is correct, the conclusion that Sgr A* is a massive black hole is inevitable. Without doubt this is the most important application of stellar orbits in the Galactic Center. Here, we discuss the possibilities going beyond the mass measurement offered by monitoring these orbits. They are an extremely useful tool for many scientific questions, such as a geometric distance estimate to the Galactic Center or the puzzle, how these stars reached their current orbits. Future improvements in the instrumentation will open up the route to testing relativistic effects in the gravitational potential of the black hole, allowing to take full advantage of this unique laboratory for celestial mechanics.

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