By examining in details the disk level S-matrix element of one massless RR and one NSNS states at order O(α'^2), we find the coupling of one RR and one NSNS fields on the world volume of a D$_p$-brane. The non-zero couplings involve the first derivative of the RR field strengths F^{(p)}, F^{(p+2)} and F^{(p+4)}. We then fix the on-shell ambiguity of the couplings by requiring consistency with the linear T-duality transformations. Moreover, consistency with the non-linear T-duality requires that the RR field strength in the above couplings to be {\cal F}=d{\cal C} where {\cal C}=e^{B}C.
We review some facts about AdS2xS2 branes in AdS3xS3 with a Neveu-Schwarz background, and consider the case of Ramond-Ramond backgrounds. We compute the spectrum of quadratic fluctuations in the low-energy approximation and discuss the open-string geometry.
We propose a new approach for coupling the type II superstring to the Ramond-Ramond background of D-branes in the RNS formalism, alternative to introducing RR vertex operators. It is based on the mixing between Ramond-Ramond p-form excitations in the closed string spectrum and transversally polarized excitations in the open string spectrum.
We study how non-BPS type II D-branes couple to R-R potentials. Upon tachyon condensation the couplings we find give rise to the Wess-Zumino action of BPS D-branes.
Couplings between a closed string RR field and open strings are calculated in a system of coincident branes and antibranes of type II theory. The result can be written cleanly using the curvature of the superconnection.
We obtain the couplings of noncommutative branes of type II string theories to constant Ramond-Ramond backgrounds, for BPS as well as non-BPS branes, in the background-independent description. For the BPS branes, we also generalize these couplings to other descriptions, and thereby argue their equivalence to the known couplings in the commutative description. The first part is a review of earlier work while the second part contains some additional observations.
Applying supersymmetric localization for superstring worldsheet theory with N=(1,1) supersymmetries on a cylinder and with arbitrary boundary interactions, we find the most general formula for the Ramond-Ramond (RR) coupling of D-branes. We allow all massive excitations of open superstrings, and find that only a finite number of them can contribute to the formula. The formula is written by Quillen's superconnection which includes higher form gauge fields, and the resultant general Chern-Simons terms are consistent with RR charge quantization. Applying the formula to boundary string field theor…
In AdS_n x S^m threaded by N-units of Ramond-Ramond flux, the dynamics of a Dm-brane wrapped on S^{m-1} embedded in S^m is investigated. Under the condition that flux of the dual gauge field on the D-brane worldvolume is quantized integrally, It is found that the wrapped D-brane is stable both locally and globally and, on AdS_n, behaves effectively as a fundamental string. It is also claimed that the semi-infinite partially wrapped D-brane `lasso' around the S^m.
We derive the couplings of noncommutative D-branes to spatially varying Ramond-Ramond fields, extending our earlier results in hep-th/0009101. These couplings are expressed in terms of *n products of operators involving open Wilson lines. Equivalence of the noncommutative to the commutative couplings implies interesting identities as well as an expression for the Seiberg-Witten map that was previously conjectured. We generalise our couplings to include transverse scalars, thereby obtaining a Seiberg-Witten map relating commutative and noncommutative descriptions of these scalars. RR couplings …
We show that Dirichlet-branes, extended objects defined by mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions in string theory, break half of the supersymmetries of the type~II superstring and carry a complete set of electric and magnetic Ramond-Ramond charges. We also find that the product of the electric and magnetic charges is a single Dirac unit, and that the quantum of charge takes the value required by string duality. This is strong evidence that the Dirchlet-branes are intrinsic to type II string theory and are the Ramond-Ramond sources required by string duality. We also note the existence of…
The Kalb-Ramond action for an interacting string is generalized to the case of a high-dimensional object (p-brane). The interaction is found to be mediated by a gauge boson of a completely antisymmetric tensor of rank $p+1$.
We apply the boundary state method and operator formalism to obtain tree-level scattering amplitude of the Kalb-Ramond state from a D$p$-brane. The brane has a tangential dynamics, and it has been dressed by the antisymmetric tensor field, a $U(1)$ internal gauge potential and an open string tachyon field. By using the scattering amplitudes we acquire two DBI-like actions corresponding to the target branes. Our calculations are in the framework of the bosonic string theory.
In this paper, we investigate the localization of the Kalb-Ramond field on symmetric and asymmetric thick branes, which are generated by a background scalar field. In order to localize the Kalb-Ramond field, we introduce a coupling with the background scalar field, and find that there exist some Kaluza-Klein resonant modes. For the case of symmetric brane, we seek the resonances by using the relative probability method and transfer matrix method, and obtain the same result for the two methods. For the asymmetric case, we use the transfer matrix method. We find that the number of resonances wil…
We present a model in which a 3-brane is embedded in a warped 5-dimensional background with a dilaton and a Kalb-Ramond 2-form. We show that it is possible to find static solutions of the form of charged dS/AdS-like black hole which could have a negative mass parameter. The motion of the 3-brane in this bulk generates an effective 4-dimensional bouncing cosmology induced by the negative dark radiation term. This model avoids the instabilities that arises for previous non-singular braneworld cosmologies in a Reissner-Nordstrøm-AdS bulk.}
Because of its versatility, the 2-form field has been employed to describe a multitude of scenarios that range from high energy to condensed matter physics. Pushing forward in this endeavor we study the interaction energy, intermediated by this kind of field, between branes in a variety of configurations. Also, the so-called Cremmer-Scherk-Kalb-Ramond model, which consists of the electromagnetic field coupled to the Kalb-Ramond gauge potential, is considered. It turns out that these models exhibit a much richer class of sources than usually thought, able to intermediate novel forms of interact…
We propose the leading couplings, in an alpha' expansion, of noncommutative D-branes to RR potentials in a constant NSNS B-field for an arbitrary choice of noncommutative parameter. The proposal is motivated by some string amplitude computations. The zero momentum couplings are topological in nature and involve Elliott's noncommutative Chern character. The finite momentum couplings are given by smearing the zero momentum operators along an open Wilson line. Comparisons between the RR couplings in different descriptions lead to a better understanding of the field redefinitions between gauge fie…
Just as D-brane charge of Type IIA and Type IIB superstrings is classified, respectively, by K^1(X) and K(X), Ramond-Ramond fields in these theories are classified, respectively, by K(X) and K^1(X). By analyzing a recent proposal for how to interpret quantum self-duality of RR fields, we show that the Dirac quantization formula for the RR p-forms, when properly formulated, receives corrections that reflect curvature, lower brane charges, and an anomaly of D-brane world-volume fermions. The K-theory framework is important here, because the term involving the fermion anomaly cannot be naturally …
We discuss the relation between the Ramond-Ramond charges of D-branes and the topology of Chan-Paton vector bundles. We show that a topologically nontrivial normal bundle induces RR charge and that the result fits in perfectly with the proposal that D-brane charge is the topology of the Chan-Paton bundle, regarded as an element of K-theory.
We take a worldsheet point of view on the relation between Ramond-Ramond charges, invariants of boundary renormalization group flows and K-theory. In compact super Wess-Zumino-Witten models, we show how to associate invariants of the generalized Kondo renormalization group flows to a given supersymmetric boundary state. The procedure involved is reminiscent of the way one can probe the Ramond-Ramond charge carried by a D-brane in conformal field theory, and the set of these invariants is isomorphic to the twisted K-theory of the Lie group. We construct various supersymmetric boundary states, a…
We study D-branes and Ramond-Ramond fields on global orbifolds of Type II string theory with vanishing H-flux using methods of equivariant K-theory and K-homology. We illustrate how Bredon equivariant cohomology naturally realizes stringy orbifold cohomology. We emphasize its role as the correct cohomological tool which captures known features of the low-energy effective field theory, and which provides new consistency conditions for fractional D-branes and Ramond-Ramond fields on orbifolds. We use an equivariant Chern character from equivariant K-theory to Bredon cohomology to define new Ramo…
We consider string theory in maximally supersymmetric type IIB plane wave background with constant five form Ramond-Ramond flux (RR plane wave). It is argued that there exists a universal sector of string configurations independent of the null coordinate $x^-$ such that the space-time action evaluated at such a configuration is same in the RR plane wave and flat background. By naturally assuming its validity for the open strings we further argue that the D-branes extending along $x^{\pm}$ are universal in these two backgrounds. Moreover, a universal D-brane which is BPS in flat space must be t…
In this work we investigate a braneworld scenario where a Kalb-Ramond field propagates, together with gravity, in a five dimensional AdS slice. The rank-2 Kalb-Ramond field is associated with torsion. We study the compactification of the Kalb-Ramond field to four dimensional space-time without gauge fixing, focusing on the effects of torsion. On the brane the Kalb-Ramond field interacts with $A_μ$-gauge and scalar matter fields. We analyze the propagators of this theory and as an application investigate the consistency of such a model in the presence of a cosmic string configuration. One inter…
The description of D-branes as boundary states for type II string theories (in the covariant formulation) requires particular care in the R-R sector. Also the vertices for R-R potentials that can couple to D-branes need a careful handling. As an illustration of this, the example of the D0-D8 system is reviewed, where a ``microscopic'' description of the interaction via exchange of R-R potentials becomes possible.
We find a new stable rotator solution in D0-brane matrix mechanics. The solution is interpreted as a D2/D0 brane bound state, constructed as a transversely rotating ellipsoidal membrane with N D0-branes pinned over it. From the membrane point of view the attractive force of tension is exactly cancelled by the repulsive centrifugal force. Dynamical properties of the system are investigated, in particular the emission of spherical waves in the different massless sectors of supergravity. We compute the RR 1-form quadrupole, the RR 3-form dipole and the gravitational quadrupole radiation. Also, we…
We study the physics of D-branes in the presence of constant Ramond-Ramond potentials. In the string field theory context, we first develop a general formalism to analyze open strings in gauge trivial closed string backgrounds, and then apply it both to the RNS string and within Berkovits' covariant formalism, where the results have the most natural interpretation. The most remarkable finding is that, in the presence of a Dp-brane, both a constant parallel NS-NS B-field and R-R C^(p-1)-field do not solve the open/closed equations of motion, and induce the same non-vanishing open string tadpole…
We show that the anomalous couplings of $D$-brane gauge and gravitational fields to Ramond-Ramond tensor potentials can be deduced by a simple anomaly inflow argument applied to intersecting $D$-branes and use this to determine the eight-form gravitational coupling.
We show that the rank reduction of the gauge group on orientifolds in presence of non vanishing discrete Kalb-Ramond field can be explained by the presence of an induced field strength in a non trivial bundle on the branes. This field strength is also necessary for the tadpole cancellation and the number of branes is left unchanged by the presence of the discrete Kalb-Ramond background.
We find the orbifold analog of the topological relation recently found by Freed and Witten which restricts the allowed D-brane configurations of Type II vacua with a topologically non-trivial flat $B$-field. The result relies in Douglas proposal -- which we derive from worldsheet consistency conditions -- of embedding projective representations on open string Chan-Paton factors when considering orbifolds with discrete torsion. The orbifold action on open strings gives a natural definition of the algebraic K-theory group -- using twisted cross products -- responsible for measuring Ramond-Ramond…
We make an analysis about several aspects of localization of the Kalb-Ramond gauge field in a specific four dimensional AdS membrane embedded in a five dimensional space-time. The membrane is generated from a deformation of the $λϕ^4$ potential and belongs to a new class of defect solutions. In this context we find resonance structures in the analysis of massive modes. The study of deformed defects is important because they contain internal structures and these may have implications to the way the background space-time is constructed and the way its curvature behaves. The main objective here i…
This thesis is dedicated to the study of K-theoretical properties of D-branes and Ramond-Ramond fields. We construct abelian groups which define a homology theory on the category of CW-complexes, and prove that this homology theory is equivalent to the bordism representation of KO-homology, the dual theory to KO-theory. We construct an isomorphism between our geometric representation and the analytic representation of KO-homology, which induces a natural equivalence of homology functors. We apply this framework to describe mathematical properties of D-branes in type I String theory. We investi…
In this paper we discuss some topics on the geometry of type II superstring backgrounds with D-branes, in particular on the geometrical meaning of the D-brane charge, the Ramond-Ramond fields and the Wess-Zumino action. We see that, depending on the behaviour of the D-brane on the four non-compact space-time directions, we need different notions of homology and cohomology to discuss the associated fields and charge: we give a mathematical definition of such notions and show their physical applications. We then discuss the problem of corretly defining Wess-Zumino action using the theory of p-ge…
We consider a 3-brane embedded in a warped 5-dimensional background with a dilaton and a Kalb-Ramond 2-form. We show that it is possible to find static solutions of the form of charged dS/AdS-like black hole with horizon which could have a negative mass parameter. The motion of the 3-brane in this bulk generates an effective 4-dimensional bouncing cosmology induced by the negative dark radiation term. This model avoids the instability that arises for bouncing brane in a Reissner-Nordstrøm-AdS bulk.
An explicit calculation is performed to check all the tangent bundle gravitational couplings of Dirichlet branes and Orientifold planes by scattering $q$ gravitons with a $p+1$ form Ramond-Ramond potential in the world-volume of a $D(p+2q)$-brane. The structure of the D-brane Wess-Zumino term in the world-volume action is confirmed, while a different O-plane Wess-Zumino action is obtained.
This paper is devoted to the study of the tachyon kink on the worldvolume of a non-BPS Dp-brane that is embedded in general background, including NS-NS two form B and also general Ramond-Ramond field. We will explicitly show that the dynamics of the kink is described by the equations of motion that arrise from the DBI and WZ action for D(p-1)-brane.
We study aspects of Dirichlet S-branes, which are defined as Dirichlet boundary condition on a time like embedding of open strings, in general backgrounds. By applying T-duality along an isometry of the unphysical dS2-branes in NS-NS supported AdS3-background, we find S0-brane. We also study the time dependent tachyon condensation on the unstable Dp-brane and interpret the singular solutions as lower dimensional S(p-1)-brane that couples to real Ramond-Ramond fields while to imaginary NS-NS modes.
We present a large family of simple, explicit ten-dimensional supergravity solutions describing extended extremal supersymmetric Ramond-Ramond p-branes embedded into time-dependent dilaton-gravity plane waves of an arbitrary (isotropic) profile, with the brane world-volume aligned parallel to the propagation direction of the wave. Generalizations to the non-extremal case are not analyzed explicitly, but can be pursued as indicated.
Recently, it has been observed that the IIB scattering amplitudes are compatible with the standard rules of S-duality. Inspired by this observation, we will find the tree-level S-matrix elements of one Ramond-Ramond and three open strings by imposing this symmetry on the tree-level S-matrix elements of one Kalb-Ramond and three open strings. We also find a SL(2, R) invariant form of the D3-brane effective action containing four gauge fields with derivative corrections that was derived from one-loop level four-point amplitude. Using the expansion of the nonlinear SL(2, R) invariant structures, …
We evaluate the string theory disc amplitude of one Ramond-Ramond field C^(p-3) and two Neveu-Schwarz B-fields in the presence of a single Dp-brane in type II string theory. From this amplitude we extract the four-derivative (or equivalently order (alpha')^2) part of the Dp-brane action involving these fields. We show that the new couplings are invariant under R-R and NS-NS gauge transformations and compatible with linear T-duality.
We calculate the disk level S-matrix element of one Ramond-Ramond, two gauge fields and one tachyon vertex operators in the world volume of non-BPS branes. We then find the momentum expansion of this amplitude and show that the infinite tachyon/massless poles and the contact terms of this amplitude can be reproduced by the tachyon DBI and the WZ actions, and by their higher derivative corrections.
We present a class of supersymmetric Godel solutions in string theory from the non-standard intersection of branes in supergravities. Such solutions are obtained by applying a T-duality on the known solutions in PP-wave spacetime. We further present classical solutions of supersymmetric D-brane in Godel universes arising from the PP-wave in the near horizon geometry of stack of D5-branes and from the new isometries of H_6 PP-wave background. These branes are supported by multiple constant Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond-Ramond field strengths.
We discuss the geometry of the Ramond-Ramond fields of low degree via the language of abelian p-gerbes, working in type II superstring theory with vanishing H-flux. A Dp-brane is a source for the Ramond-Ramond field strength G_(p+2), which can be thought of as the curvature of a connection on a p-gerbe with U(1)-band. The highest degree forms of the connection are the local Ramond-Ramond potentials C_(p+1). This picture is clear for p >= 0, a 0-gerbe being a line bundle. Actually, one can encounter also lower degree Ramond-Ramond field strengths: G_1 in IIB superstring theory, and G_0 in IIA s…
This work deals with new results on the Kalb-Ramond (KR) field localization in braneworld models. We consider a five-dimensional warped spacetime with an embedded 4D thick brane which is generated by two real scalar fields coupled with gravity (the so called Bloch brane). We find a KR field zero mode localized with the inclusion of the dilaton coupling. Analyzing the massive spectrum, we detected a series of resonant modes that arise from the solutions of the Schrödinger-like equation for KR field. The effects of the brane thickness and of the dilaton coupling over the resonance structures are…
A rule of thumb derivation of the Dirac-Born-Infeld action for D-branes is studied à la Fradkin and Tseytlin, by simply integrating out of the superstring coordinates in a narrow strip attached to the D-branes. In case of superstrings, the coupling of Ramond-Ramond fields as well as the Dirac-Born-Infeld type coupling of the Neveu Schwarz-Neveu Schwarz fields come out in this way.
From the world-sheet point of view we compute three, four and five point BPS and non-BPS scattering amplitudes of type IIA and IIB superstring theory. All these the mixed S-matrix elements including a closed string Ramond-Ramond (RR) in the bulk and a scalar/gauge or tachyons with their all different pictures ( including RR in asymmetric and symmetric pictures) have been carried out. We have also shown that in asymmetric pictures various equations must be kept fixed. More importantly, by direct calculations on upper half plane, it is realized that some of the equations (that must be true) for …
We compute the full spectrum and eigenstates of the Kalb-Ramond field in a warped non-compact Randall-Sundrum -type five-dimensional spacetime in which the ordinary four-dimensional braneworld is represented by a sine-Gordon soliton. This 3-brane solution is fully consistent with both the warped gravitational field and bulk dilaton configurations. In such a background we embed a bulk antisymmetric tensor field and obtain, after reduction, an infinite tower of normalizable Kaluza-Klein massive components along with a zero-mode. The low lying mass eigenstates of the Kalb-Ramond field may be rela…
Optical activity of electromagnetic waves in a string inspired Kalb-Ramond cosmological background is studied in presence of extra spacetime dimension. The Kalb-Ramond-electromagnetic coupling which originates from the gauge anomaly cancelling Chern-Simons term in a string inspired model, is explicitly calculated following Randall-Sundrum braneworld conjecture. It is shown that the Randall-Sundrum scenario leads to an enormous enhancement of the optical rotation of a plane polarized electromagnetic wave propagating on the visible brane.Absence of any experimental support in favour of such a la…
In the present paper we study the most general configuration of intersecting D3/D5 branes in type IIB supergravity satisfying Poincare invariance in the directions common to the branes and SO(3) symmetry in the totally perpendicular directions. The form of these configurations is greatly restricted by the Killing spinor equations and the equations of motion, which among other things, force the Ramond-Ramond scalar to be zero and do not permit the existence of totally localised intersections of this kind.
In the Green-Schwarz formalism, the closed string worldsheet of the IIB theory couples to Ramond-Ramond (RR) fluxes through spinor bilinears. We study the effect of such fluxes by analyzing the supersymmetry transformation of the worldsheet in general backgrounds. We show that, in the presence RR fields, the closed string can get `polarized', as the spinors acquire non-zero vevs in directions correlating with the orientation of close-by D-branes. Reversing the argument, this may allow for worldsheet configurations - with non-trivial spinor structure - that source RR moments.
We investigate gauge/gravity duals with flavour for which pure-gauge Kalb-Ramond B fields are turned on in the background, into which a D7 brane probe is embedded. First we consider the case of a magnetic field in two of the spatial boundary directions. We show that at finite temperature, i.e. in the AdS-Schwarzschild background, the B field has a stabilizing effect on the mesons and chiral symmetry breaking occurs for a sufficiently large value of the B field. Then we turn to the electric case of a B field in the temporal direction and one spatial boundary direction. In this case, there is a …
We show that the solution of a pre-geometric strongly coupled quantum mechanical model describing K D-particles in the presence of N D4-branes in type IIA string theory, at fixed K and large N, yields an effective action describing the motion of the K D-particles in a classical ten-dimensional curved space-time. By comparing the effective action with the non-abelian D-brane action in an arbitrary supergravity background, we identify the metric, dilaton and Ramond-Ramond fields and find a precise match with the near-horizon D4-brane geometry.
Effective gravitational field equations on a brane have been derived, when the bulk spacetime is endowed with the second rank antisymmetric Kalb-Ramond field. Since both the graviton and the Kalb-Ramond field are closed string excitations, they can propagate in the bulk. After deriving the effective gravitational field equations on the brane, we solve them for a static spherically symmetric solution. It turns out that the solution so obtained represents a black hole or naked singularity depending on the parameter space of the model. The stability of this model is also discussed. Cosmological s…
A recent paper by Moore and Witten explained that Ramond-Ramond fields in Type II superstring theory have a global meaning in K-theory. In this note we amplify and generalize some points raised in that paper. In particular, we express the coupling of the Ramond-Ramond fields to D-branes in a K-theoretic framework and show that the anomaly in this coupling exactly cancels the anomaly from the fermions on the brane, both in Type IIA and Type IIB.
The Wess-Zumino coupling on D-branes in string theory is known to receive higher derivative corrections which couple the Ramond-Ramond potential to terms involving the square of the spacetime curvature tensor. Consistency with T-duality implies that the branes should also have four-derivative couplings that involve the NS-NS B-field. We use T-duality to predict some of these couplings. We then confirm these results with string worldsheet computations by evaluating disc amplitudes with insertions of one R-R and two NS-NS vertex operators.
We have considered the most general gauge invariant five-dimensional action of a second rank antisymmetric Kalb-Ramond tensor gauge theory, including a topological term of the form $ε^{ABLMN}B_{AB}H_{LMN}$ in a Randall-Sundrum scenario. Such a tensor field $B_{AB}$ (whose rank-3 field strength tensor is $H_{LMN}$), which appears in the massless sector of a heterotic string theory, is assumed to coexist with the gravity in the bulk. The third rank field strength corresponding to the Kalb-Ramond field has a well-known geometric interpretation as the spacetime torsion. The only non-trivial classi…
We study the relation between the ADHM construction of instantons in the Omega-background and the fractional D3/D(-1)-branes at the orbifold singularity of C \times C^2/Z_2 in Ramond-Ramond (R-R) 3-form field strength background. We calculate disk amplitudes of open strings connecting the D3/D(-1)-branes in certain R-R background to obtain the D(-1)-brane effective action deformed by the R-R background. We show that the deformed D(-1)-brane effective action agrees with the instanton effective action in the Omega-background.
The paper is connected with searches for the Ramond-Ramond charge of D branes in the presence of B field. The consideration of B field inclusion is an important physical and mathematical unsolved problem, which is connected with K group calculations of twisted bundles. Considered two cases of vector bundles, Azumaya and Rosenberg algebras and analyzed their K group realization.
In this work we study localization of a Kalb-Ramond tensorial gauge field on a membrane described by real scalar fields. The membrane is embedded in an AdS-type five dimensional bulk space, which mimic a Randall-Sundrum scenario. First, we consider a membrane described by only a single real scalar field. In that scenarios we find that there is no localized tensorial zero mode. When we take into account branes described by two real scalar fields with internal structures, we obtain again a non-localized zero mode for a Kalb-Ramond tensorial gauge field. After modifying our model of one single sc…
We study D1-brane in AdS_3 times S^3 kappa-deformed background with non-trivial dilaton and Ramond-Ramond fields. We consider purely time-dependent and spatially-dependent ansatz where we study the solutions of the equations of motion for D1-brane in given background. We find that the behavior of these solutions crucially depends on the value of the parameter a that was introduced in [arXiv:1411.1066 [hep-th]].
A geometrical formulation of the T-duality rules for type II superstring Ramond--Ramond fields is presented. This is used to derive the Wess-Zumino terms in superstring D-brane actions, including terms proportional to the mass parameter of the IIA theory, thereby completing partial results in the literature. For non-abelian world-volume gauge groups the massive type IIA D-brane actions contain non-abelian Chern--Simons terms for the Born--Infeld gauge potential, implying a quantization of the IIA cosmological constant.
By considering the B-field dynamical and studying its interaction with Ramond-Ramond (RR) background we observe the breaking of the B-field gauge symmetry in the effective action. This effect takes place due to non-perturbative coupling of the B-field to membrane topological charge. As a result, the B-field is renormalized in the RR backgrounds, making it impossible to obtain consistent non-commutative models with constant B-field. We argue that the gauge invariance is restored by introducing appropriate external D-brane configuration.
We discuss a set of universal couplings between superstring Ramond-Ramond gauge fields and the gauge fields internal to D-branes, with emphasis on their topological consequences, and argue that instanton solutions in these internal theories are equivalent to D-branes. A particular example is the Dirichlet 5-brane in type I theory, which Witten recently showed is the zero size limit of an SO(32) instanton. Its effective world-volume theory is an Sp(1) gauge theory, unbroken in the zero size limit. We show that the zero size limit of an instanton in this theory is a 1-brane, which can be describ…
