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arXiv 0912.4259astro-ph.SR
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63颗M7-M9 .5矮星II的体积有限样本。活动,磁性和旋转主导发电机的衰落

A Volume-limited Sample of 63 M7-M9.5 Dwarfs II. Activity, magnetism, and the fade of the rotation-dominated dynamo

Ansgar Reiners, Gibor Basri

摘要:

在光谱类型为M7-M9.5的63颗超冷矮星的体积有限的样品中,我们已经在超大望远镜和凯克天文台的HIRES上获得了高分辨率的UVES光谱。在这第二篇论文中,我们提出了预计的旋转速度,平均磁场强度,和色球发射的H α线。我们证实了较早的结果,归一化的Halpha光度的平均水平随温度降低,我们发现,在较低的温度下,Halpha光度之间的散射较大。我们测量的平均磁场在0和4kG之间,没有指示M7和M9.5之间的温度依赖性。对于给定的温度,H α光度与磁场强度有关,这与早期恒星的结果一致。一些旋转非常缓慢的恒星显示出非常弱的磁场和H α辐射,所有旋转速度超过我们检测极限的恒星都显示出至少几百高斯的磁场。与早期类型的恒星相比,我们在旋转速度超过~ 3 km/s的恒星中观察到弱于1 kG的磁场,但我们发现它们之间的旋转和磁通量产生之间没有相关性。我们将此解释为发电机机制的根本变化;在超冷矮星中,磁场产生主要是通过湍流发电机实现的,而其他机制可以在早期光谱类型下更有效地运行。

英文摘要:

In a volume-limited sample of 63 ultracool dwarfs of spectral type M7-M9.5, we have obtained high-resolution spectroscopy with UVES at the Very Large Telescope and HIRES at Keck Observatory. In this second paper, we present projected rotation velocities, average magnetic field strengths, and chromospheric emission from the Halpha line. We confirm earlier results that the mean level of normalized Halpha luminosity decreases with lower temperature, and we find that the scatter among Halpha luminosities is larger at lower temperature. We measure average magnetic fields between 0 and 4kG with no indication for a dependence on temperature between M7 and M9.5. For a given temperature, Halpha luminosity is related to magnetic field strength, consistent with results in earlier stars. A few very slowly rotating stars show very weak magnetic fields and Halpha emission, all stars rotating faster than our detection limit show magnetic fields of at least a few hundred Gauss. In contrast to earlier-type stars, we observe magnetic fields weaker than 1kG in stars rotating faster than ~3km/s, but we find no correlation between rotation and magnetic flux generation among them. We interpret this as a fundamental change in the dynamo mechanism; in ultracool dwarfs, magnetic field generation is predominantly achieved by a turbulent dynamo, while other mechanisms can operate more efficiently at earlier spectral type.

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