量子力学的随机基础与粒子自旋的起源
Stochastic Foundation of Quantum Mechanics and the Origin of Particle Spin
摘要：
目前的贡献是基于这样一个假设，即量子力学的概率特性并不源于测量或观测过程中所引起的不确定性，而是反映了客观存在的真空涨落的存在，其对大质量粒子的作用是由普朗克常数校准的，并产生额外的不规则运动。我们描述了一个单粒子系统，通过引入两个同样大的子系综，其中每个子系综得到一个运动方程，其形式分别为Navier-Stokes或“反”Navier-Stokes型方程。通过对整个系综求平均，得到一个新的运动方程，它可以转化为含时薛定谔方程。这个概念允许包含电磁场，并可以扩展到相互作用的N粒子系统。我们分析了如何将实验装置一致地分解为所研究的量子系统和剩余量子系统“装置”的问题。所研究的粒子的不规则额外运动允许将相关联的系综分解成两个子系综，其成员分别执行绕给定轴的右手或左手不规则圆周运动，这在存在磁场的情况下变得与物理相关。我们证明，这种取向分解的“Zitterbewegung”的行为-根据薛定谔的原始想法-作为一个自旋型的角动量出现除了可能的轨道角动量的粒子。我们导出了非相对论性含时泡利方程，并提出了施特恩-格拉赫实验的理论。狄拉克方程可以类似地导出。
英文摘要：
The present contribution is based on the assumption that the probabilistic character of quantum mechanics does not originate from uncertainties caused by the process of measurement or observation, but rather reflects the presence of objectively existing vacuum fluctuations whose action on massive particles is calibrated by Planck's constant and effects an additional irregular motion. We describe a one-particle system by introducing two equally large sub-ensembles for each of which one obtains an equation of motion that has the form of a Navier-Stokes- or ''anti''-Navier-Stokes-type equation, respectively. By averaging over the total ensemble one obtains a new equation of motion which can be converted into the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. The concept allows the inclusion of electromagnetic fields and can be extended to interacting N-particle systems. We analyze the problem of how an experimental setup can consistently be decomposed into the quantum system under study and the residual quantum system ''apparatus''. The irregular extra motion of the particle under study allows a decomposition of the associated ensemble into two sub-ensembles the members of which perform, respectively, a right-handed or left-handed irregular circular motion about a given axis which becomes physically relevant in the presence of a magnetic field. We demonstrate that this orientation-decomposed ''Zitterbewegung'' behaves - in accordance with Schroedinger's original idea - as a spin-type angular momentum which appears in addition to a possible orbital angular moment of the particle. We derive the non-relativistic time-dependent Pauli equation and propose a theory of the Stern-Gerlach experiment. The Dirac equation can be derived similarly.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
