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arXiv 0912.2636astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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校准黑洞质量和X射线变化幅度之间的相关性:活动星系核和超亮X射线源的仅X射线黑洞质量估算

Calibrating the correlation between black hole mass and X-ray variability amplitude: X-ray only black hole mass estimates for active galactic nuclei and ultra-luminous X-ray sources

Xin-Lin Zhou, Shuang-Nan Zhang, Ding-Xiong Wang, Ling Zhu

摘要:

对X射线变率振幅(XVA)与黑洞(BH)质量之间的相关性进行了标定。21混响映射的活动星系核(AGN)的相关性似乎非常紧密,与0.20德克斯的内在色散。如果根据恒星速度色散估计BH质量,则可以得到0.27 dex的内禀色散。我们进一步测试的质量估计的不确定性,从XVA的对象已被观察到多次足够好的数据质量。结果表明,来自多个观测的XVA变化的一个因素3。这意味着,BH质量的不确定性,从一个单一的观察是略差于混响映射或恒星速度色散测量,但BH质量估计与X射线数据只能更准确,如果平均XVA值从更多的观察是使用。应用这个关系式,得到RE J 1034 +396的BH质量为$4^{+3}_{-2} \times 10^6$ $M_{\odot}$ .质量范围的高端遵循高频QPO的2个$f_0$频率与银河系X射线双星导出的BH质量之间的关系。我们还计算了21个活动星系核的高频常数$C= 2.37 M_\odot$ Hz $^{-1}$。正如Gierlibranski等人所建议的,$M_{\rm BH}=C/C_{\rm M}$,其中$C_{\rm M}$是源自XVA的高频变异性。由于ULX和活动星系核中以幂律为主的X射线谱具有相似的形状,这可以应用于ULX的BH质量估计。本文讨论了在超亮X射线源M82 X-1和NGC 5408 X-1中观测到的QPO频率和BH质量估计,并认为ULX是中等质量BH系统。

英文摘要:

A calibration is made for the correlation between the X-ray Variability Amplitude (XVA) and Black Hole (BH) mass. The correlation for 21 reverberation-mapped Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) appears very tight, with an intrinsic dispersion of 0.20 dex. The intrinsic dispersion of 0.27 dex can be obtained if BH masses are estimated from the stellar velocity dispersions. We further test the uncertainties of mass estimates from XVAs for objects which have been observed multiple times with good enough data quality. The results show that the XVAs derived from multiple observations change by a factor of 3. This means that BH mass uncertainty from a single observation is slightly worse than either reverberation-mapping or stellar velocity dispersion measurements; however BH mass estimates with X-ray data only can be more accurate if the mean XVA value from more observations is used. Applying this relation, the BH mass of RE J1034+396 is found to be $4^{+3}_{-2} \times 10^6$ $M_{\odot}$. The high end of the mass range follows the relationship between the 2$f_0$ frequencies of high-frequency QPO and the BH masses derived from the Galactic X-ray binaries. We also calculate the high-frequency constant $C= 2.37 M_\odot$ Hz$^{-1}$ from 21 reverberation-mapped AGN. As suggested by Gierliński et al., $M_{\rm BH}=C/C_{\rm M}$, where $C_{\rm M}$ is the high-frequency variability derived from XVA. Given the similar shape of power-law dominated X-ray spectra in ULXs and AGN, this can be applied to BH mass estimates of ULXs. We discuss the observed QPO frequencies and BH mass estimates in the Ultra-Luminous X-ray source M82 X-1 and NGC 5408 X-1 and favor ULXs as intermediate mass BH systems (abridged).

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