For the planning of large pedestrian facilities, the movement of pedestrians in various situations has to be modelled. Many tools for pedestrian planning are based on cellular automata (CA), discrete in space and time, some use self driven pargticles (SDP), continuous in space and time. It is common experience that CA have problems with modelling sharp bends in wide corridors. They tend to move the pedestrians to the innermost lanes far too strongly, thereby reducing the capacity of the facility. With SDP, the problem seems to be less pronounced but still present. With CA, we compare the performance of two standard shortest distance based static floors on 90 and 180 degree bends with a newly defined one. For SDP, we demonstrate how variations in the modeling of the momentary destination of the agents influence trajectories and capacity.
This paper will present a model for pedestrian motion by defining a spacetime metric. This model considers the factors that are effective in the movement of pedestrians (such as obstacles, walls and other pedestrians) by defining a proper metric. In fact, the surrounding environment that affects the motion of pedestrians changes the flat(Euclidean) spacetime metric and, therefore, the shortest possible path to their destination. This change is such that pedestrians have a different feeling of time at any point and moment in the environment. Based on this feeling, they adjust their route to the…
The worldwide population is aging and countries are facing ongoing challenges in improving the safety of elderly pedestrians. In this work, single-file movement of the elderly are experimentally compared with that of different age groups. The findings indicates that the age is not the only factor influencing the pedestrian dynamics but the heterogeneity of the crowd composition and the familiarity among neighboring pedestrians also have significant effects. The existence of three regimes in the relationship between headway and speed is confirmed. In the strong constrained regime, the slope of …
How to reproduce realistic motion in simulations has always been a fundamental problem for pedestrian dynamics, and a critical challenge for current studies is the natural correlation of the movement choices and the human behaviours. To advance the study, we deconstruct the two-dimensional space of pedestrian crowds with a behavioural motion network on basis of Voronoi diagram and Delaunay diagram, and accordingly formulate a behavioural model considering both the long-term route choice and the real-time velocity choice. The comparisons between simulation results and real-world movements sugge…
There are different physics-based approaches for analysing pedestrian movement. Physics-based methods like statistical mechanics-based models apply the laws of physics to drive equations for analysing crowd behaviour. This paper will introduce a physics-based approach based on field theory as a new tool for crowd analysis to determine governing differential equations. Formulating the pedestrian movement with differential equations has a primary advantage for data assimilation techniques because some of these methods only work with models with analytical transition functions, which are obtained…
The conjugated forces model (CFM) capable of reproducing bypassing behaviour is proposed and adopted to simulate pedestrian evacuation. Primarily, the concept of collision and evading and surpassing behaviour is particularly defined to describe the proposed CFM. A pedestrian whose behaviour can be described by the CFM will change his desired direction when confronted with a collision, and choose to actively bypass others. Secondly, pedestrian movement in a passageway is simulated to testify the capacity of the CFM to reproduce microscopic bypassing behaviour, and the bypassing parameter is the…
Pedestrian modeling is a good way to predict pedestrian movement and thus can be used for controlling pedestrian crowds and guiding evacuations in emergencies. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian movement model based on artificial neural network. In the model, the pedestrian velocity vectors are predicted with two sub models, Semicircular Forward Space Based submodel (SFSB-submodel) and Rectangular Forward Space Based submodel (RFSB-submodel), respectively. Both unidirectional and bidirectional pedestrian flow at straight corridors are investigated by comparing the simulation and the corres…
The worldwide population is aging and countries are facing ongoing challenges in meeting the transportation demand of the elderly. In this study, we investigate the movement characteristics of elders in the straight corridor and compare them with that of young adults. The free speeds of the elderly (about 1.28m/s) are obviously slower than that of the young people (about 1.4m/s) in the laboratory experiments. It was found that the fundamental diagram of the elderly shows the similar trend compared with that of young pedestrians. However, at the same densities the speeds of the elderly are alwa…
Pedestrian crowding occurs more frequent. As a result of the increasing pedestrian demand in public space, the limits of pedestrian spaces are of increasing interest. Some research on the maximum demand that can flow through a cross-section has been presented, which mainly features simple movement base cases, low-density situations and/or a homogeneous crowd. Consequently, it is currently unclear to what extent their findings apply to heterogeneous high-density crowds, which are often encountered during real-world scenarios. The CrowdLimits experiment attempted to reproduce crowd movement dyna…
The multi-fractal nature of pedestrian arrival times
Eindhoven University of Technology（埃因霍温理工大学）；ProRail BV（荷兰铁路基础设施公司）；University of Ferrara（费拉拉大学）；INFN Ferrara（意大利国家核物理研究所费拉拉分部）；CNR-IAC（意大利国家研究委员会应用控制研究所）
Pedestrian dynamics models the walking movement of individuals in a crowd. It has recently been used in the analysis of procedures to reduce the risk of disease spread in airplanes, relying on the SPED model. This is a social force model inspired by molecular dynamics; pedestrians are treated as point particles, and their trajectories are determined in a simulation. A parameter sweep is performed to address uncertainties in human behavior, which requires a large number of simulations. The SPED model's slow speed is a bottleneck to performing a large parameter sweep. This is a severe impediment…
The aging of population is a social phenomenon in the world. In this study, series of controlled experiments were performed to investigate the movement characteristics of elderly pedestrians passing through bottlenecks. Similar self-organized phenomena to that of the young like 'zipper effect' and 'lane formation' are observed. The highest local density that appears in front of the exit in the experiment is beyond 4 m-2. The time lapse between two consecutive pedestrians of the elderly is about 0.2 s longer than that of the young when the width is 0.5 m and 0.7 m. Besides, the difference decre…
