基本常数的时空变化
Spatial and temporal variations of fundamental constants
摘要：
在非标准模型中预测了电子-质子质量比μ和精细结构常数α的空间和时间变化，旨在解释暗能量的性质。其中，所谓的变色龙标量场模型预言了质量和耦合常数对局域物质密度的强依赖性。为了探索这样的模型，我们估计了两个本质上不同的环境中的参数Delta mu/mu =（mu_obs - mu_lab）/mu_lab和Delta alpha/alpha =（alpha_obs - alpha_lab）/alpha_lab--地球（高密度）和星际（低密度）--来自银河系盘中冷星前分子核心的射电天文观测。我们发现Δ mu/mu =（22 +/- 4_stat +/- 3_sys）x10^{-9}，|Delta alpha/alpha| < 1.1x10^{-7}。如果只考虑保守的上限，则|Δ mu/mu| <= 3x10^{-8}。我们还回顾和重新分析了现有的数据的宇宙学变化的α类星体的光学光谱中获得的FeI和FeII系统。我们发现，迄今为止还没有提供在10^{-6}水平上变化的α的统计学显著证据。最严格的限制|Delta alpha/alpha|在z = 1.15的FeII系统中，发现了<2x 10 ^{-6}的明亮类星体HE 0515 -4414。2x 10 ^{-6}的极限对应于使用现有光学设施可以达到的最大精度。
英文摘要：
Spatial and temporal variations in the electron-to-proton mass ratio, mu, and in the fine-structure constant, alpha, are predicted in non-Standard models aimed to explain the nature of dark energy. Among them the so-called chameleon-like scalar field models predict strong dependence of masses and coupling constants on the local matter density. To explore such models we estimated the parameters Delta mu/mu = (mu_obs - mu_lab)/mu_lab and Delta alpha/alpha = (alpha_obs - alpha_lab)/alpha_lab in two essentially different environments, - terrestrial (high density) and interstellar (low density), - from radio astronomical observations of cold prestellar molecular cores in the disk of the Milky Way. We found that Delta mu/mu = (22 +/- 4_stat +/- 3_sys)x10^{-9}, and |Delta alpha/alpha| < 1.1x10^{-7}. If only a conservative upper limit is considered, then |Delta mu/mu| <= 3x10^{-8}. We also reviewed and re-analyzed the available data on the cosmological variation of alpha obtained from FeI and FeII systems in optical spectra of quasars. We show that statistically significant evidence for the changing alpha at the level of 10^{-6} has not been provided so far. The most stringent constraint on |Delta alpha/alpha| < 2x10^{-6} was found from the FeII system at z = 1.15 towards the bright quasar HE0515-4414. The limit of 2x10^{-6} corresponds to the utmost accuracy which can be reached with available to date optical facilities.
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