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arXiv 0911.3105astro-ph.CO
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宇宙学中的统计方法

Statistical methods in cosmology

Licia Verde

摘要:

宇宙学中大数据集的出现意味着在过去的10年或20年里,我们对宇宙的认识和理解不仅在数量上发生了变化,而且最重要的是在质量上发生了变化。宇宙学家依赖于包含大量有用信息的数据,但这些信息是以非平凡的方式编码的。必须克服提取这些信息的挑战,以充分利用大量的实验努力。即使已经收敛到标准宇宙学模型(LCDM模型),我们也应该记住,这个模型是由10个或更多的物理参数描述的,如果我们想研究与它的偏差,参数的数量甚至更大。处理这样一个高维的参数空间,并找到参数约束本身就是一个挑战。宇宙学家希望能够比较和组合不同的数据集,以测试可能的分歧(这可能表明新的物理学)并改进参数确定。最后,在许多情况下,宇宙学家在实际做实验之前,想弄清楚人们能从实验中学到多少东西。由于所有这些原因,在宇宙学中使用了诡辩的统计技术,了解一些统计背景知识对理解该领域的最新文献至关重要。我将介绍一些任何宇宙学家都应该知道的统计工具,以便能够理解最近发表的宇宙学数据集分析结果。我将不会提出一个完整的和严格的介绍统计,因为有几个好书,这是在参考报告。读者应该参考这些。

英文摘要:

The advent of large data-set in cosmology has meant that in the past 10 or 20 years our knowledge and understanding of the Universe has changed not only quantitatively but also, and most importantly, qualitatively. Cosmologists rely on data where a host of useful information is enclosed, but is encoded in a non-trivial way. The challenges in extracting this information must be overcome to make the most of a large experimental effort. Even after having converged to a standard cosmological model (the LCDM model) we should keep in mind that this model is described by 10 or more physical parameters and if we want to study deviations from it, the number of parameters is even larger. Dealing with such a high dimensional parameter space and finding parameters constraints is a challenge on itself. Cosmologists want to be able to compare and combine different data sets both for testing for possible disagreements (which could indicate new physics) and for improving parameter determinations. Finally, cosmologists in many cases want to find out, before actually doing the experiment, how much one would be able to learn from it. For all these reasons, sophisiticated statistical techniques are being employed in cosmology, and it has become crucial to know some statistical background to understand recent literature in the field. I will introduce some statistical tools that any cosmologist should know about in order to be able to understand recently published results from the analysis of cosmological data sets. I will not present a complete and rigorous introduction to statistics as there are several good books which are reported in the references. The reader should refer to those.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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