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arXiv 0911.0935astro-ph.CO
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暗物质晕决定了超大质量黑洞的质量

Dark matter haloes determine the masses of supermassive black holes

C. M. Booth, Joop Schaye

摘要:

几乎所有星系中心的超大质量黑洞,在吸积辐射作用下所积累的能量和动量,都可以阻止甚至逆转气体的流入,这就为超大质量黑洞提供了一种自然的机制来调节它们的生长,并将它们的性质与宿主星系的性质结合起来。然而,目前还不清楚这种自我调节是否发生在黑洞引力占主导地位的尺度上,在恒星核球、星系或整个暗物质晕的尺度上。为了回答这个问题,我们使用黑洞和星系群协同进化的自洽模拟,重现了黑洞质量与其宿主星系性质之间观察到的相关性。我们首先明确地确认,BH调节它们的增长:BH注入到周围环境中的能量的量保持不变时,吸积的静止质量的能量注入的分数,是由四个数量级的变化。黑洞只是简单地调整它们的质量,以便注入相同数量的能量。然后,我们使用人工降低恒星形成率的模拟来明确证明BH质量不是由恒星质量决定的。相反,我们发现,它是由暗物质晕的质量与晕浓度的第二个依赖关系,如果晕结合能是控制BH质量的基本属性的话,这种形式是可以预期的。我们预测,暗物质晕质量与黑洞质量之间的关系的对数斜率为1.55+/-0.05,并且平均值关系周围的分散部分地反映了晕浓度-质量关系中的分散。

英文摘要:

The energy and momentum deposited by the radiation from accretion onto the supermassive black holes (BHs) that reside at the centres of virtually all galaxies can halt or even reverse gas inflow, providing a natural mechanism for supermassive BHs to regulate their growth and to couple their properties to those of their host galaxies. However, it remains unclear whether this self-regulation occurs on the scale at which the BH is gravitationally dominant, on that of the stellar bulge, the galaxy, or that of the entire dark matter halo. To answer this question, we use self-consistent simulations of the co-evolution of the BH and galaxy populations that reproduce the observed correlations between the masses of the BHs and the properties of their host galaxies. We first confirm unambiguously that the BHs regulate their growth: the amount of energy that the BHs inject into their surroundings remains unchanged when the fraction of the accreted rest mass energy that is injected, is varied by four orders of magnitude. The BHs simply adjust their masses so as to inject the same amount of energy. We then use simulations with artificially reduced star formation rates to demonstrate explicitly that BH mass is not set by the stellar mass. Instead, we find that it is determined by the mass of the dark matter halo with a secondary dependence on the halo concentration, of the form that would be expected if the halo binding energy were the fundamental property that controls the mass of the BH. We predict that the logarithmic slope of the relation between dark matter halo mass and black hole mass is 1.55+/-0.05 and that the scatter around the mean relation in part reflects the scatter in the halo concentration-mass relation.

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