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arXiv 0911.0119astro-ph.HE
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星系团中的非平衡电离态

Non-equilibrium ionization states in galaxy clusters

Dmitry Prokhorov

摘要:

X射线成像天文台揭示了星系团中线性尺度约为10 kpc的流体动力学结构,例如1 E0657 -56和A520星系团中的冲击波以及MKW 3s星系团中的热等离子体泡。未来的X射线天文台IXO将首次在这些尺度上解析星系团中的金属分布。激波和活动星系核活动对等离子体的加热会导致金属离子的非平衡电离态。本文研究了星系团中线性尺度<50 kpc的非平衡电离效应。通过比较电离时间尺度与流体动力学结构年龄的关系,导出了非平衡电离的条件。建立了等离子体温度突变时的非平衡电离模型。本文用跃迁矩阵的本征向量分析了FeXXV和FeXXVI离子的弛豫过程。结果表明,当重子过密度δ小于11.0/τ(τ <<1为流体动力学结构年龄与哈勃时间之比)时,星系团中可能发生铁的非平衡电离.我们的模拟表明,铁的类氦发射线的发射率增加的结果偏离电离平衡。分析了类氦离子分数弛豫的缓慢过程。提出了一种确定激波速度的新方法。

英文摘要:

X-ray imaging observatories have revealed hydrodynamic structures with linear scales ~ 10 kpc in clusters of galaxies, such as shock waves in the 1E0657-56 and A520 galaxy clusters and the hot plasma bubble in the MKW 3s cluster. The future X-ray observatory IXO will resolve for the first time the metal distribution in galaxy clusters at the these scales. Heating of plasmas by shocks and AGN activities can result in non-equilibrium ionization states of metal ions. We study the effect of the non-equilibrium ionization at linear scales <50 kpc in galaxy clusters. A condition for non-equilibrium ionization is derived by comparing the ionization time-scale with the age of hydrodynamic structures. Modeling of non-equilibrium ionization when the plasma temperature suddenly change is performed. An analysis of relaxation processes of the FeXXV and FeXXVI ions by means of eigenvectors of the transition matrix is given. We conclude that the non-equilibrium ionization of iron can occur in galaxy clusters if the baryonic overdensity delta is smaller than 11.0/tau, where tau<<1 is the ratio of the hydrodynamic structure age to the Hubble time. Our modeling indicates that the emissivity in the helium-like emission lines of iron increases as a result of deviation from the ionization equilibrium. A slow process of helium-like ionic fraction relaxation was analyzed. A new way to determine a shock velocity is proposed.

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