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arXiv 0910.5772astro-ph.CO
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宇宙起源的随机引力波背景的一个上限

An Upper Limit on the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background of Cosmological Origin

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration

摘要:

一个随机背景的引力波,预计将产生的叠加大量的未解决的引力波源的天体物理学和宇宙学的起源。预计它将携带宇宙演化最早时期的独特特征,无法通过标准天体物理观测获得。因此,直接测量这种背景的振幅对于理解宇宙在小于一分钟时的演化具有根本的重要性。在这里,我们报告的随机引力波背景的振幅的直接限制使用的数据从两年的科学运行的激光干涉仪引力波天文台(LIGO)。我们的结果限制了随机引力波背景的能量密度由宇宙的临界能量密度归一化,在频率带约100 Hz,小于6.9 × 10^{-6}在95%的置信度。这些数据排除了早期宇宙演化模型中状态方程参数相对较大的模型,也排除了某些弦论模型中弦张力相对较小的宇宙(超)弦模型。这种对随机背景的搜索改进了大爆炸核合成和100 Hz宇宙微波背景的间接限制。

英文摘要:

A stochastic background of gravitational waves is expected to arise from a superposition of a large number of unresolved gravitational-wave sources of astrophysical and cosmological origin. It is expected to carry unique signatures from the earliest epochs in the evolution of the universe, inaccessible to the standard astrophysical observations. Direct measurements of the amplitude of this background therefore are of fundamental importance for understanding the evolution of the universe when it was younger than one minute. Here we report direct limits on the amplitude of the stochastic gravitational-wave background using the data from a two-year science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). Our result constrains the energy density of the stochastic gravitational-wave background normalized by the critical energy density of the universe, in the frequency band around 100 Hz, to be less than 6.9 x 10^{-6} at 95% confidence. The data rule out models of early universe evolution with relatively large equation-of-state parameter, as well as cosmic (super)string models with relatively small string tension that are favoured in some string theory models. This search for the stochastic background improves upon the indirect limits from the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and cosmic microwave background at 100 Hz.

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