石墨烯：近完美量子液体中的相对论输运
Graphene: Relativistic transport in a nearly perfect quantum liquid
摘要：
在干净的、电荷中性的石墨烯中，电子和空穴的行为就像一种强耦合的相对论液体。相互作用Dirac准粒子的热电输运性质是相当特殊的，在流体动力学频率尺度上受到突现洛伦兹协变性的约束。在小的载流子密度和高温下，石墨烯表现出量子临界系统的特征，其非弹性散射率仅由温度设定，电导率具有几乎普遍的值，仅由于电子-空穴摩擦，以及非常低的粘度。在这种状态下，人们发现明显偏离标准费米液体行为。这些结果与相对论流体动力学的预言完全一致。有趣的是，在某些强耦合的相对论性液体中发现了非常类似的行为，这些液体可以通过AdS-CFT对应进行精确分析，并且有助于识别和建立石墨烯的特殊性质。
英文摘要：
Electrons and holes in clean, charge-neutral graphene behave like a strongly coupled relativistic liquid. The thermo-electric transport properties of the interacting Dirac quasiparticles are rather special, being constrained by an emergent Lorentz covariance at hydrodynamic frequency scales. At small carrier density and high temperatures, graphene exhibits signatures of a quantum critical system with an inelastic scattering rate set only by temperature, a conductivity with a nearly universal value, solely due to electron-hole friction, and a very low viscosity. In this regime one finds pronounced deviations from standard Fermi liquid behavior. These results, obtained by Boltzmann transport theory at weak electron-electron coupling, are fully consistent with the predictions of relativistic hydrodynamics. Interestingly, very analogous behavior is found in certain strongly coupled relativistic liquids, which can be analyzed exactly via the AdS-CFT correspondence, and which had helped identifying and establishing the peculiar properties of graphene.
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