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arXiv 0910.5587quant-ph
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时间复杂度和门复杂度

Time complexity and gate complexity

Tatsuhiko Koike, Yosuke Okudaira

摘要:

我们制定和调查的最简单的版本的时间最优量子计算理论(t-QCT),其中的计算时间是由物理定义的和哈密顿量只包含一个和两个量子比特的相互作用。这个版本的t-QCT也被认为是最优的次黎曼测地线长度。这项工作有两个目标:一个是基于物理上自然的时间概念来发展t-QCT本身,另一个是探索利用t-QCT作为工具来估计传统门最优量子计算理论(g-QCT)复杂度的可能性。特别是,我们调查在何种程度上是真实的陈述:时间复杂度是多项式的量子位数,当且仅当是门的复杂度。在分析中,我们将t-QCT和最优控制理论(OCT)通过最优计算理论(f-QCT)联系起来,f-QCT在单位最优保真度的限制下等价于t-QCT,而形式上与OCT相似。然后,我们通过修改OCT中的Krotov方法,发展了一种有效的f-QCT数值格式,该格式具有单调收敛性。我们实施的计划,并获得解决方案的f-QCT和t-QCT的量子傅里叶变换和幺正算子,不具有明显的对称性。前者具有多项式门复杂度,而后者预期具有指数门复杂度,因为一系列通用酉算子具有指数门复杂度。前者的时间复杂度与量子比特数成线性关系,这可以通过存在一个上限来理解。后者的时间复杂度是指数级的。因此,这两个目标都是满足上述陈述的例子。最优哈密顿量的典型特征是时间反演下的对称性和单量子比特操作的恒定性,这在数学上被证明在相当普遍的情况下成立。

英文摘要:

We formulate and investigate the simplest version of time-optimal quantum computation theory (t-QCT), where the computation time is defined by the physical one and the Hamiltonian contains only one- and two-qubit interactions. This version of t-QCT is also considered as optimality by sub-Riemannian geodesic length. The work has two aims: one is to develop a t-QCT itself based on physically natural concept of time, and the other is to pursue the possibility of using t-QCT as a tool to estimate the complexity in conventional gate-optimal quantum computation theory (g-QCT). In particular, we investigate to what extent is true the statement: time complexity is polynomial in the number of qubits if and only if so is gate complexity. In the analysis, we relate t-QCT and optimal control theory (OCT) through fidelity-optimal computation theory (f-QCT); f-QCT is equivalent to t-QCT in the limit of unit optimal fidelity, while it is formally similar to OCT. We then develop an efficient numerical scheme for f-QCT by modifying Krotov's method in OCT, which has monotonic convergence property. We implemented the scheme and obtained solutions of f-QCT and of t-QCT for the quantum Fourier transform and a unitary operator that does not have an apparent symmetry. The former has a polynomial gate complexity and the latter is expected to have exponential one because a series of generic unitary operators has a exponential gate complexity. The time complexity for the former is found to be linear in the number of qubits, which is understood naturally by the existence of an upper bound. The time complexity for the latter is exponential. Thus the both targets are examples satisfyng the statement above. The typical characteristics of the optimal Hamiltonians are symmetry under time-reversal and constancy of one-qubit operation, which are mathematically shown to hold in fairly general situations.

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