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arXiv 0910.4638astro-ph.GA
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星团的性质和孕育

The Nature and Nurture of Star Clusters

Bruce G. Elmegreen

摘要:

星团在空间和时间上都有等级模式,暗示着在湍流的星际介质致密区域的形成过程。星团在年轻的时候也有等级结构,这使得它们看起来都像是一个无处不在的恒星等级结构的内部混合部分。年轻的场星也有这种分布,大概是因为它们中的一些来自溶解的星团,而另一些则是在同一气体中以分散的方式形成的。在恒星形成过程中,最终形成星团的比例显然不是恒定的,但可能会随着星际压力的增加而增加。等级结构解释了为什么恒星形成于星团中,以及为什么这些星团中的许多是自我约束的。它还解释了集群质量函数。晕状球状星团与盘状星团有许多共同的性质,包括似乎是一个较高的星团截止质量。然而,晕球状星团是自我富集的,经常与矮星系流相连。晕球状星团的质量函数最初可能类似于盘状星团的幂律质量函数,但晕球状星团已经失去了它们的低质量成员。造成这种损失的原因尚不清楚。它可能是由于团簇蒸发而随着时间缓慢发生的,也可能是由于气体损失而在团簇形成后早期发生的。后一种模型最好地解释了星系中球状星团质量函数没有径向梯度的观测。

英文摘要:

Star clusters have hierarchical patterns in space and time, suggesting formation processes in the densest regions of a turbulent interstellar medium. Clusters also have hierarchical substructure when they are young, which makes them all look like the inner mixed parts of a pervasive stellar hierarchy. Young field stars share this distribution, presumably because some of them came from dissolved clusters and others formed in a dispersed fashion in the same gas. The fraction of star formation that ends up in clusters is apparently not constant, but may increase with interstellar pressure. Hierarchical structure explains why stars form in clusters and why many of these clusters are self-bound. It also explains the cluster mass function. Halo globular clusters share many properties of disk clusters, including what appears to be an upper cluster cutoff mass. However, halo globulars are self-enriched and often connected with dwarf galaxy streams. The mass function of halo globulars could have initially been like the power law mass function of disk clusters, but the halo globulars have lost their low mass members. The reasons for this loss are not understood. It could have happened slowly over time as a result of cluster evaporation, or it could have happened early after cluster formation as a result of gas loss. The latter model explains best the observation that the globular cluster mass function has no radial gradient in galaxies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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