点燃再电离后宇宙中的星系形成,II:先天与后天
Igniting Galaxy Formation in the Postreionization Universe, II: Nature versus Nurture
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中文总结 AI 辅助
该研究利用FIREbox模拟,发现暗物质晕自身的中性气体储库(而非环境)是决定再电离后星系形成点燃的关键因素,其中HI质量、范围和中心密度联合预测能力最强。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
尽管再电离产生的紫外背景被认为会抑制最小暗物质晕的形成,再电离后宇宙中一些富含气体的暗物质晕仍然会形成恒星。我们探讨哪些性质——环境性的还是内在的——决定了点燃。利用FIREbox宇宙学体积,我们在$z=2$--6处将最近点燃的暗物质晕与质量和气体匹配的气体可分辨的无恒星暗物质晕样本进行比较。我们测试了超出$M_{\rm vir}$、$M_{\rm gas}$和$z$之外的三个“第三轴”性质族:几何环境(扰动指数和局部星系密度$\rho_5$)、流体动力学环境($1$--$2,R_{\rm vir}$气体供应壳层)以及内在暗物质晕性质(浓度和中性气体储库)。嵌套随机森林分类发现几何环境几乎没有增加信息,而流体动力学壳层具有中等信息量。三个互补的性质各自能在质量-气体-红移基线之外区分点燃的和无恒星的暗物质晕(AUC $=0.635$,其中$0.5$为随机水平):总HI质量($M_{\rm HI}$,AUC $=0.739$)、中性气体的范围($r_{\rm HI,50}/R_{\rm vir}$,AUC $=0.738$)以及中心HI密度($\rho_{\rm HI,0}$,AUC $=0.700$);它们联合达到AUC $=0.823$,这是我们测试的任何组合中最高的。在固定的暗物质晕质量、气体质量和红移下,最近点燃的暗物质晕比其匹配的对照样本拥有更多的HI,且分布在更大的半径上,并且这两个增强是不相关的。同样的储库决定了点燃何时能发生:从$z=6$到$z=0$,中位无恒星暗物质晕保持其气体($+0.05$ dex),而其中性分数下降$3.9$ dex,因此储库是被电离而非耗尽,点燃窗口在$z\simeq2$以下关闭。总之,暗物质晕自身的中性气体储库比其在宇宙网中的位置更能区分点燃的和无恒星的暗物质晕——先天胜过后天。
英文摘要
Although the ultraviolet background from reionization is thought to conspire against the smallest halos, some gas-rich halos in the post-reionization Universe still form stars. We ask which properties, environmental or intrinsic, determine ignition. Using the FIREbox cosmological volume, we compare recently-ignited halos to a mass- and gas-matched sample of gas-resolved starless halos at $z=2$--6. We test three families of "third axis" properties beyond $M_{\rm vir}$, $M_{\rm gas}$, and $z$: geometric environment (the Perturbation Index and local galaxy density $ρ_5$), hydrodynamic environment (the $1$--$2,R_{\rm vir}$ gas-supply shell), and intrinsic halo properties (concentration and the neutral-gas reservoir). A nested random-forest classification finds that geometric environment adds little, while the hydrodynamic shell is modestly informative. Three complementary properties each discriminate ignited from starless halos beyond the mass--gas--redshift baseline (AUC $=0.635$, where $0.5$ is chance): total HI mass ($M_{\rm HI}$, AUC $=0.739$), the extent of the neutral gas ($r_{\rm HI,50}/R_{\rm vir}$, AUC $=0.738$), and the central HI density ($ρ_{\rm HI,0}$, AUC $=0.700$); jointly they reach AUC $=0.823$, the highest of any combination we test. At fixed halo mass, gas mass and redshift, recently-ignited halos harbor more HI over a larger radius than their matched controls, and these two enhancements are uncorrelated. The same reservoir sets when ignition can happen: from $z=6$ to $z=0$ the median starless halo keeps its gas ($+0.05$ dex) while its neutral fraction falls by $3.9$ dex, so the reservoir is ionized rather than exhausted and the ignition window closes below $z\simeq2$. In sum, a halo's own neutral-gas reservoir discriminates ignited from starless halos more sharply than its location in the cosmic web -- nature over nurture.
发表机构
- Pomona College(波莫纳学院)
- Carnegie Observatories(卡内基观测站)
- University of Southern California(南加州大学)
- Indiana University(印第安纳大学)
- California State Polytechnic University, Pomona(加州州立理工大学波莫纳分校)
- California State University, San Bernardino(加州州立大学圣贝纳迪诺分校)
- Universität Zürich(苏黎世大学)
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