伽马射线暴的INTEGRAL观
The INTEGRAL view of Gamma-Ray Bursts
摘要：
欧空局空间观测站INTEGRAL在轨道上运行了六年半多之后，在软伽马射线能量范围（从几千电子伏到几兆电子伏）内取得了令人振奋的新成果。随着大约700个硬X射线源的发现，它改变了我们以前对由奇特和“怪物”源组成的天空的看法。新的高能天空实际上充满了各种各样的正常的，非常有活力的发射体，其特征是新的吸积和加速过程（参见IBIS cat 4，Bird et al. 2009）。如果与以前的IBIS/ISGRI调查相比，很明显，HMXB和AGN的发现率在不断增加，包括各种遥远的类星体。这主要是由于远离银河平面的辐射源增加，而没有识别的辐射源的百分比保持不变。与此同时，船上的两个主要伽马射线仪器IBIS和SPI每月探测和成像约一次伽马射线暴。经过六年半的观测，INTEGRAL已经完成了核心计划阶段，现在完全向科学界开放，可以进行开放时间和关键计划观测，欧空局最近宣布了AO 7。本文综述了INTEGRAL天文台在伽马射线暴研究方面的主要成就。
英文摘要：
After more than six and half years in orbit, the ESA space observatory INTEGRAL has provided new, exciting results in the soft gamma-ray energy range (from a few keV to a few MeV). With the discovery of about 700 hard X-Ray sources, it has changed our previous view of a sky composed of peculiar and ``monster'' sources. The new high energy sky is in fact full of a large variety of normal, very energetic emitters, characterized by new accretion and acceleration processes (see also IBIS cat4, Bird et al. 2009). If compared to previous IBIS/ISGRI surveys it is clear that there is a continual increase in the rate of discoveries of HMXB and AGN, including a variety of distant QSOs. This is basically due to increased exposure away from the Galactic Plane, while the percentage of sources without an identification has remained constant. At the same time, about one GRB/month is detected and imaged by the two main gamma-ray instruments on board: IBIS and SPI. INTEGRAL, after six and half years of observations, has completed the Core Programme phase and is now fully open to the scientific community for Open Time and Key Programme observations, with AO7 recently announced by ESA. In this paper we review the major achievements of the INTEGRAL Observatory in the field of Gamma Ray Bursts.
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