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arXiv 0910.0362quant-phcond-mat.other
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开放量子系统的最优控制:量子比特和量子门

Optimal Control for Open Quantum Systems: Qubits and Quantum Gates

Robert Roloff, Markus Wenin, Walter Pötz

摘要:

本文综述了量子系统动力学最优控制策略的制定和执行方面的最新进展。简要介绍了最优控制的概念、开放量子系统的动力学和量子信息处理,然后介绍了关于这方面两个主要任务的最优控制的最新发展:状态特定和状态无关的最优控制。对于前者,我们提出了一个扩展的传统理论(庞特里亚金的原则)的量子系统进行非马尔可夫时间演化。由于它对实现量子信息处理的重要性,本文的主要内容是与状态无关的最优控制。在这里,我们解决三种不同的方法:一种方法,它对待耗散的影响,从环境中的最低阶微扰理论,一般方法的基础上的时间演化超算子的概念,以及一个基于克劳斯表示的时间演化超算子。说明这些新方法的应用集中在单量子位和双量子位(量子门)上,其中环境在林德布拉德方程或玻色子浴(自旋玻色子模型)内建模。虽然这些方法是广泛适用的,我们将把我们的注意力集中在基于固态的物理实现,如半导体和超导体为基础的系统。虽然我们试图参考整个社区的相关和代表性的工作,但博览会将主要集中在我们自己的小组中出现的工作。

英文摘要:

This article provides a review of recent developments in the formulation and execution of optimal control strategies for the dynamics of quantum systems. A brief introduction to the concept of optimal control, the dynamics of of open quantum systems, and quantum information processing is followed by a presentation of recent developments regarding the two main tasks in this context: state-specific and state-independent optimal control. For the former, we present an extension of conventional theory (Pontryagin's principle) to quantum systems which undergo a non-Markovian time-evolution. Owing to its importance for the realization of quantum information processing, the main body of the review, however, is devoted to state-independent optimal control. Here, we address three different approaches: an approach which treats dissipative effects from the environment in lowest-order perturbation theory, a general method based on the time--evolution superoperator concept, as well as one based on the Kraus representation of the time-evolution superoperator. Applications which illustrate these new methods focus on single and double qubits (quantum gates) whereby the environment is modeled either within the Lindblad equation or a bath of bosons (spin-boson model). While these approaches are widely applicable, we shall focus our attention to solid-state based physical realizations, such as semiconductor- and superconductor-based systems. While an attempt is made to reference relevant and representative work throughout the community, the exposition will focus mainly on work which has emerged from our own group.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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