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arXiv 0910.0205cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.mes-hall
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二维中性超流体中的量子涡旋动力学

Quantum vortex dynamics in two-dimensional neutral superfluids

C. -C. Joseph Wang, R. A. Duine, A. H. MacDonald

摘要:

通过对凝聚相和密度涨落环境模的积分,导出了超流体中涡旋位置自由度的有效作用量。当忽略环境涨落的量子动力学时,我们证实了涡旋马格努斯力的存在,并得到了涡旋质量的表达式。我们发现,这种绝热近似是有效的,只有当超流液滴半径$R$,或涡之间的典型距离,是非常大的相干长度$ξ$。我们超越了绝热近似数值,占环境模式的量子动力学和捕获他们的耗散耦合凝聚动力学。对于光晶格超流体的情况下,我们证明,涡旋运动阻尼可以通过调整隧道能量$J$和现场相互作用能$U$之间的比率进行调整。我们对实现涡旋朗道能级物理的可能性进行了评述。

英文摘要:

We derive an effective action for the vortex position degree-of-freedom in a superfluid by integrating out condensate phase and density fluctuation environmental modes. When the quantum dynamics of environmental fluctuations is neglected, we confirm the occurrence of the vortex Magnus force and obtain an expression for the vortex mass. We find that this adiabatic approximation is valid only when the superfluid droplet radius $R$, or the typical distance between vortices, is very much larger than the coherence length $ξ$. We go beyond the adiabatic approximation numerically, accounting for the quantum dynamics of environmental modes and capturing their dissipative coupling to condensate dynamics. For the case of an optical-lattice superfluid we demonstrate that vortex motion damping can be adjusted by tuning the ratio between the tunneling energy $J$ and the on-site interaction energy $U$. We comment on the possibility of realizing vortex Landau level physics.

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