We describe a new exact relation for large $N_c$ QCD for the long-distance behavior of baryon form factors in the chiral limit, satisfied by all 4D semi-classical chiral soliton models. We use this relation to test the consistency of the structure of two different holographic models of baryons.
By adopting the nonlinear realization of chiral symmetry, a holographic model for the baryon octet is proposed. The mass spectra of the baryon octet and their low-lying excited states are calculated, which show good consistency with experiments. The couplings of pion to nucleons are derived in two gauges and are shown to be equivalent with each other. It also shows that only derivative couplings of pion to nucleons appear in this holographic model. The coupling constant is then calculated.
In this paper we review the hadroproduction mechanisms of double-charm baryons for the different experimental environments and reinterpret the SELEX and LHCb results.
We discuss a holographic soft-wall model developed for the description of mesons and baryons with adjustable quantum numbers n, J, L, S. This approach is based on an action which describes hadrons with broken conformal invariance and which incorporates confinement through the presence of a background dilaton field.
Mesons and baryons are considered in soft-wall holographic approach based on the correspondence of string theory in AdS space and conformal field theory in physical space-time. The model generates Regge trajectories linear in n and J (L) for the hadronic mass spectrum. Results obtained for heavy-light meson masses and decay constants are consistent with predictions of HQET. In the baryon sector applications to the nucleon electromagnetic form factors and generalized parton distributions are discussed.
We investigate the properties of octet and decuplet baryons in a light-front holographic model. By taking into account the effect of nonvanishing quark mass, we obtain the modified light-front wave functions which are applicable at both low and high energy scales. We calculate the spectra, form factors, magnetic moments and electromagnetic radii of octet and decuplet baryons with the results all matching the experiments well. The axial charge, which describes the contribution of quark helicity to the proton spin in the quark-parton model at the high energy scale, is also consistent with the ex…
New universality appears for the baryon Isgur--Wise form factor in the large $N_c$ limit. It is found that the semileptonic $Λ_b \rightarrow Λ_c$ and $Σ_b^{(*)} \rightarrow Σ^{(*)}_c$ decays are described by the same form factor, which can be calculated analytically. In the exact chiral $SU(3)$ limit, the same form factor is applicable to semileptonic $Ω_b^{(*)} \rightarrow Ω^{(*)}_c$ decays.
Flavor-Dependent Dynamical Spin-Orbit Coupling in Light-Front Holographic QCD: A New Approach to Baryon Spectroscopy
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文学系);Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California Los Angeles(加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文学系)
A hadron's multiquark content reflects itself in the quark composition of the interpolator with which it has maximal overlap. The AdS/CFT dictionary translates the anomalous dimension of this interpolator into a mass correction for the corresponding dual mode. Hence such bulk-mass corrections can carry holographic information on multiquark correlations. Two prominent examples are studied by implementing this robust and universal mechanism into AdS/QCD gravity duals. In the baryon sector bulk-mass corrections are used to describe systematic good (i.e. maximally attractive) diquark effects. The …
We discuss a holographic soft-wall model developed for the description of mesons and baryons with adjustable quantum numbers n, J, L, S. This approach is based on an action which describes hadrons with broken conformal invariance and which incorporates confinement through the presence of a background dilaton field. We show that in the case of the bound-state problem (hadronic mass spectrum) two versions of the model with a positive and negative dilaton profile are equivalent to each other by a special transformation of the bulk field. We also comment on recent works which discuss the dilaton s…
In a previous article, it has been proved under the framework of chiral soliton model that the same Isgur--Wise form factor describes the semileptonic $Λ_b\toΛ_c$ and $Σ^{(*)}_b\toΣ^{(*)}_c$ decays in the large $N_c$ limit. It is shown here that this result is in fact independent of the chiral soliton model and is solely the consequence of the spin-flavor SU(4) symmetry which arises in the baryon sector in the large $N_c$ limit.
We consider a holographic model of QCD, obtained by a very simple modification of the original construction, which describes at the same time the pion mass, the QCD anomalies and the baryons as topological solitons. We study in detail its phenomenological implications in both the mesonic and baryonic sectors and compare with the observations.
We overview a holographic QCD based on the D4-D8 string theory model, with emphasis on baryons and nucleon-meson interactions thereof. Baryons are realized as holographic images of Skyrmions, but with much qualitative changes. This allows us to derive, without adjustable parameters, couplings of baryons to the entire tower of spin one mesons and also to pseudoscalar mesons. We find some surprisingly good match against empirical values for nucleons, in particular. Tensor couplings to all axial-vectors and iso-singlet vectors all vanish, while, for $ρ$ mesons, tensor couplings are found to be do…
We study the model with three right-handed neutrinos which masses are smaller than the weak scale ${\cal O}(10^2)$ GeV (called as the $ν$MSM). The model can explain the origin of neutrino masses by the seesaw mechanism, offer a candidate of dark matter and realize the baryogenesis via neutrino oscillation. The seesaw mechanism at such energy scales can induce phenomenon which are observable by experiments. As an example, we discuss the lepton universality of charged kaon decays in this model. It is shown that the heavy neutral leptons accounting for the neutrino masses and the cosmic baryon as…
The response function of a homogeneous and dense hadronic system to a time-dependent (baryon) vector potential is discussed for holographic dense QCD (D4/D8 embedding) both in the confined and deconfined phases. Confined holographic QCD is an uncompressible and static baryonic insulator at large N_c and large λ, with a gapped vector spectrum and a massless pion. Deconfined holographic QCD is a diffusive conductor with restored chiral symmetry and a gapped transverse baryonic current. Similarly, dense D3/D7 is diffusive for any non-zero temperature at large N_c and large λ. At zero temperature …
We show that holographic models of QCD predict the presence of a Chern-Simons coupling between vector and axial-vector mesons at finite baryon density. In the AdS/CFT dictionary, the coefficient of this coupling is proportional to the baryon number density, and is fixed uniquely in the five-dimensional holographic dual by anomalies in the flavor currents. For the lightest mesons, the coupling mixes transverse $ρ$ and $a_1$ polarization states. At sufficiently large baryon number densities, it produces an instability, which causes the $ρ$ and $a_1$ mesons to condense in a state breaking both ro…
We study how monopole catalysis of baryon decay is realized in holographic QCD. Physics of monopole catalysis becomes much simpler in holographic description as it occurs due to the violation of the Bianchi identity for the 5D gauge symmetry when magnetic monopole is present. In holographic QCD we find a unified picture of the baryon number violation under magnetic monopole or electroweak sphaleron, giving a new mechanism of baryon number violation. We also embed our set-up in the string theory model by Sakai and Sugimoto.
Employing the asymptotic instanton solution in an arbitrary background of a set of holographic QCD models, we show that baryon form factors have a precise large-distance behaviour regardless of the background. The dependence coincides with that obtained from general chiral soliton models and large-$N_C$ chiral perturbation theory. The nonlinear terms in the equations of motion are necessary to recover the correct results. We also show that the holographic currents have the right structure at low energy if the solutions of the full equation of motion, instead of the linearized ones, are used. T…
We consider aspects of dynamical baryons in a holographic dual of QCD that is proposed on the basis of a D4/D8-brane configuration. We construct a soliton solution carrying a unit baryon number and show that it is given by an instanton solution of four-dimensional Yang-Mills theory with fixed size. The Chern-Simons term on the flavor D8-branes plays a crucial role of protecting the instanton from collapsing to zero size. By quantizing the collective coordinates of the soliton, we work out the baryon spectra. Negative-parity baryons as well as baryons with higher spins and isospins can be obtai…
We study the relationship between chiral symmetry breaking and baryons in holographic QCD. We construct a soliton with unit baryon charge in the presence of a nonzero mean value of the scalar bifundamental field, which is dual to the chiral condensate. We obtain a relation between the chiral condensate and the mass of the baryon and find in a clear-cut way that at large values of the condensate the holographic soliton is no longer located on the IR wall. Instead it is split into two halves, which are symmetrically located on the left and right flavor branes. On the other hand we find that the …
A new approach to nonperturbative QCD, holographic light-front QCD, provides a comprehensive model for hadron dynamics and spectroscopy, incorporating color confinement, a universal hadron mass scale, the prediction of a massless pion in the chiral limit, and connections between the spectroscopy of mesons, baryons and tetraquarks across the full hadron spectrum. In this article we present predictions for the Sivers asymmetry and related transverse momentum distributions for the proton based on the light-front wavefunctions of the baryon eigenstate predicted by holographic QCD.
We extend our investigation of resonance production in the Sakai-Sugimoto model to the case of negative parity baryon resonances. Using holographic techniques we extract the generalized Dirac and Pauli baryon form factors as well as the helicity amplitudes for these baryonic states. Identifying the first negative parity resonance with the experimentally observed S_{11}(1535), we find reasonable agreement with experimental data from the JLab-CLAS collaboration. We also estimate the contribution of negative parity baryons to the proton structure functions.
The infinite tower of vector mesons encoded in holographic dual QCD bring drastic changes to the soliton structure of the nucleon. The nucleon is given by a point-like instanton in 5D surrounded by a vector meson cloud with the vector dominance restored by the infinite tower. I discuss the possible relevance of this structure in hot and dense hadronic matter.
We introduce the strange quark mass to the Sakai-Sugimoto model of holographic QCD. We compute mass shifts in the spectra of three-flavor baryons at the leading order in perturbation in quark masses. Comparison with experimental data shows an agreement only qualitatively.
We study dynamical baryons in the holographic QCD model of Sakai and Sugimoto in the case of three flavors and with special interest in the construction of the Chern-Simons (CS) term. The baryon classical solution in this model is given by the BPST instanton, and we carry out the collective coordinate quantization of the solution. The CS term should give rise to a first class constraint which selects baryon states with right spins. However, the original CS term written in terms of the CS 5-form does not work. We instead propose a new CS term which is gauge invariant and is given as an integral…
We establish a holographic bottom-up model which covers both the baryonic and quark matter phases in cold and dense QCD. This is obtained by including the baryons using simple approximation schemes in the V-QCD model, which also includes the backreaction of the quark matter to the dynamics of pure Yang-Mills. We examine two approaches for homogeneous baryon matter: baryons as a thin layer of noninteracting matter in the holographic bulk, and baryons with a homogeneous bulk gauge field. We find that the second approach exhibits phenomenologically reasonable features. At zero temperature, the va…
We study baryonic matter in holographic QCD with D4/D8/\bar{D8} multi-D brane system in type IIA superstring theory. The baryon is described as the "brane-induced Skyrmion", which is a topologically non-trivial chiral soliton in the four-dimensional meson effective action induced by holographic QCD. We employ the "truncated-resonance model" approach for the baryon analysis, including pion and ρmeson fields below the ultraviolet cutoff scale M_KK \sim 1GeV, to keep the holographic duality with QCD. We describe the baryonic matter in large N_c as single brane-induced Skyrmion on the three-dimens…
We present an analysis of the three-flavor holographic model of QCD associated to a $D4/D8$ brane configuration, with symmetry breaking induced by a worldsheet instanton associated to a closed loop connecting $D4-D8-D6-\overline{D8}$. We calculate the electromagnetic and axial couplings of all octet and decuplet baryons, as well as several negative parity excitations, with and without symmetry breaking effects, and demonstrate qualitative and quantitative agreement with many available experimental measurements, with marked improvement over the analogous two-flavor models.
In a wide class of holographic models, like the one proposed by Sakai and Sugimoto, baryons can be approximated by instantons of non-abelian gauge fields that live on the world-volume of flavor D-branes. In the leading order, those are just the Yang-Mills instantons, whose solutions can be obtained from the celebrated ADHM construction. This fact can be used to study various properties of baryons in the holographic limit. In particular, one can attempt to construct a holographic description of the cold dense nuclear matter phase of baryons. It can be argued that holographic baryons in such a r…
Energy-Momentum Tensor and D-term of Baryons in Top-down Holographic QCD
Kyoto University(京都大学);Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University(京都大学汤川理论物理研究所);Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The University of Tokyo(东京大学宇宙物质前沿科学中心(WPI))
In this paper we show that the intrinsic heavy-quark QCD mechanism for the hadroproduction of heavy hadrons at large $x_F$ can resolve the apparent conflict between measurements of double-charm baryons by the SELEX fixed-target experiment and the LHCb experiment at the LHC collider. We show that both experiments are compatible, and that both results can be correct. The observed spectroscopy of double-charm hadrons is in agreement with the predictions of supersymmetric light front holographic QCD.
We study the baryon in holographic QCD with $D4/D8/\bar{D8}$ multi-$D$ brane system. In holographic QCD, the baryon appears as a topologically non-trivial chiral soliton in a four-dimensional effective theory of mesons. We call this topological soliton as Brane-induced Skyrmion. Some review of $D4/D8/\bar{D8}$ holographic QCD is presented from the viewpoints of recent hadron physics and phenomenologies. Four-dimensional effective theory with pions and $ρ$ mesons is uniquely derived from the non-abelian Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) action of $D8$ brane with $D4$ supergravity background, without smal…
We propose a mean-field approach to analyze many-body systems of fermions in the gauge/gravity duality. We introduce a non-vanishing classical fermionic field in the gravity dual, which we call the holographic mean field for fermions. The holographic mean field takes account of the many-body dynamics of the fermions in the bulk. The regularity condition of the holographic mean field fixes the relationship between the chemical potential and the density unambiguously. Our approach provides a new framework of gauge/gravity duality for finite-density systems of baryons in the confinement phase.
In the holographic model of QCD suggested by Sakai and Sugimoto, baryons are chiral solitons sourced by D4 instantons in bulk of size 1/\sqrtλ with λ=g^2N_c. We quantize the D4 instanton semiclassically using \hbar=1/(N_cλ) and non-rigid constraints on the vector mesons. The holographic baryon is a small chiral bag in the holographic direction with a Cheshire cat smile. The vector-baryon interactions occur at the core boundary of the instanton in D4. They are strong and of order 1/\sqrt{\hbar}. To order \hbar^0 the electromagnetic current is entirely encoded on the core boundary and vector-mes…
We describe the observed light-baryon spectrum by extending superconformal quantum mechanics to the light front and its embedding in AdS space. This procedure uniquely determines the confinement potential for arbitrary half-integer spin. To this end, we show that fermionic wave equations in AdS space are dual to light-front supersymmetric quantum mechanical bound-state equations in physical space-time. The specific breaking of conformal invariance explains hadronic properties common to light mesons and baryons, such as the observed mass pattern in the radial and orbital excitations, from the s…
We consider the time evolution of two entropy-like quantities, the holographic entanglement entropy and causal holographic information, in a model of holographic thermalization dual to the gravitational collapse of a thin planar shell. Unlike earlier calculations valid in different limits, we perform a full treatment of the dynamics of the system, varying both the shell's equation of state and initial position. In all cases considered, we find that between an early period related to the acceleration of the shell and a late epoch of saturation towards the thermal limit, the entanglement entropy…
This is a contribution for the Proceedings of the Conference Hot Quarks 2016, held at South Padre Island, Texas, USA, 12-17 September 2016. I briefly review some thermodynamic and baryon transport results obtained from a bottom-up Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton holographic model engineered to describe the physics of the quark-gluon plasma at finite temperature and baryon density. The results for the equation of state, baryon susceptibilities, and the curvature of the crossover band are in quantitative agreement with the corresponding lattice QCD results with $2+1$ flavors and physical quark masses. …
In this paper, minimal coupling constants of meson-$Δ$ baryon and meson-nucleon to $Δ$ baryon transition have been investigated in the AdS/QCD soft-wall model at finite temperature limits. Initially, the right and left profile functions of $Δ$ baryons have been calculated using the Rarita-Schwinger field in this model. After this, coupling constants have been written by taking into account the profile functions of thermal hadrons according to the zero-temperature case. Then, the temperature dependence graphs are plotted for strong couplings $g_{ρΔΔ}(T)$, $g_{a_{1} ΔΔ}(T)$ and $g_{ρN Δ}(T)$. As…
The 1/Nc expansion is formulated for the baryon wave function in terms of a specially constructed generating functional. The leading order of this 1/Nc expansion is universal for all low-lying baryons [including the O(1/Nc) and O(Nc^0) excited resonances] and for baryon-meson scattering states. A nonlinear evolution equation of Hamilton-Jacobi type is derived for the generating functional describing the baryon distribution amplitude in the large-Nc limit. In the asymptotic regime this nonlinear equation is solved analytically. The anomalous dimensions of the leading-twist baryon operators diag…
In this paper we describe qualitatively some aspects of the holographic QCD. Inspired by a successfull 4D description, we try to separate the Confinement and the Chiral Symmetry Breaking dynamics. We also discuss the realization of the baryons as skyrmions in Soft Wall Holographic QCD, and the issue of the Vector Meson Dominance.
In this paper, we calculate analytically the baryonic density and susceptibilities, which are sensitive probes to the fermionic degrees of freedom, in a holographic model of QCD both in its hot QGP phase and in its cold dense phase. Interesting patterns due to strong coupling dynamics will be shown and valuable lessons for QCD will be discussed.
The Roper resonance, the first excited state of the nucleon, Is one of the best-established baryon resonances. Yet, its properties have not been consistently explained by effective models of QCD, such as the non-relativistic quark model. In this letter, we propose an alternative approach in the Sakai-Sugimoto model that is one of the holographic models of QCD. In particular, we analyze the helicity amplitude of the electromagnetic transitions at the leading of 't~Hooft coupling $1/λ$. The model incorporates baryon structure at short distance by non-linear mesons surrounded by meson clouds at l…
We describe a new exact relation for large $N_c$ QCD for the long-distance behavior of baryon form factors in the chiral limit. This model-independent relation is used to test the consistency of the structure of several baryon models. All 4D semiclassical chiral soliton models satisfy the relation, as does the Pomarol-Wulzer holographic model of baryons as 5D Skyrmions. However, remarkably, we find that the holographic model treating baryons as instantons in the Sakai-Sugimoto model does not satisfy the relation.
In the top-down holographic model of QCD based on D4/D8-branes in type IIA string theory and some of the bottom up models, the low energy effective theory of mesons is described by a 5 dimensional Yang-Mills-Chern-Simons theory in a certain curved background with two boundaries. The 5 dimensional Chern-Simons term plays a crucial role to reproduce the correct chiral anomaly in 4 dimensional massless QCD. However, there are some subtle ambiguities in the definition of the Chern-Simons term for the cases with topologically non-trivial gauge bundles, which include the configurations with baryons.…
The recent measurement by CDF M(Sigma_b)-M(Lambda_b)=192 MeV is in striking agreement with our theoretical prediction M(Sigma_b)-M(Lambda_b) = 194 MeV. In addition, the measured splitting M(Sigma_b*)-M(Sigma_b) = 21 MeV agrees well with the predicted splitting of 22 MeV. We point out the connection between these predictions and an effective supersymmetry between mesons and baryons related by replacing a light antiquark by a light diquark. We discuss the theoretical framework behind these predictions and use it to provide additional predictions for the masses of spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 baryons co…
In this work, we first derive the corrections to the instanton configuration of the flavored gauge field in the D4-D8 model with generic flavor numbers. Then, as the instanton configuration on the D8-branes represents equivalently baryon in this model, keeping our corrections in hand, we systemically study the spectrum of baryon, heavy-light baryon or heavy-light meson and find it is possible to fit the experimental data with the meson data in this model. Besides, we briefly outline how to include the interaction of glueball and heavy-light meson or baryon with our corrections, evaluate numeri…
In a simple holographic model for QCD in which the Chern-Simons term is incorporated to take into account the QCD chiral anomaly, we show that baryons arise as stable solitons which are the 5D analogs of 4D skyrmions. Contrary to 4D skyrmions and previously considered holographic scenarios, these solitons have sizes larger than the inverse cut-off of the model, and therefore they are predictable within our effective field theory approach. We perform a numerical determination of several static properties of the nucleons and find a satisfactory agreement with data. We also calculate the amplitud…
We investigate properties of baryons in a family of holographic field theories related to the Sakai-Sugimoto model of holographic QCD. Starting with the $N_f=2$ Sakai-Sugimoto model, we truncate to a 5D Yang-Mills action for the gauge fields associated with the noncompact directions of the flavour D8-branes. We define a free parameter $γ$ that controls the strength of this Yang-Mills term relative to the Chern-Simons term that couples the abelian gauge field to the SU(2) instanton density. Moving away from $γ= 0$ should incorporate some of the effects of taking the Sakai-Sugimoto model away fr…
We study holographic models of the QCD temperature-chemical potential phase diagram based on the D3/D7 system with chiral symmetry breaking. The baryonic phase may be included through linked D5-D7 systems. In a previous analysis of a model with a running gauge coupling a baryonic phase was shown to exist to arbitrarily large chemical potential. Here we explore this phase in a more generic phenomenological setting with a step function dilaton profile. The change in dilaton generates a linear confining $\bar{q}q$ potential and opposes the screening effect of temperature. We show that the persist…
The AdS/CFT dual description of a peripheral heavy ion collision involves an asymptotically AdS rotating black hole. The explicitly known black holes of this kind, with planar event horizon topology [the "KMV$_0$" spacetimes], have been shown to be unstable when string-theoretic effects are taken into account. It has been argued that this implies a "holographic" angular momentum cutoff for peripheral collisions at very high energies. However, the KMV$_0$ black hole corresponds to a specific velocity distribution in the aftermath of a peripheral collision, and this distribution is not realistic…
The structure of generalized parton distributions is determined from light-front holographic QCD up to a universal reparametrization function $w(x)$ which incorporates Regge behavior at small $x$ and inclusive counting rules at $x \to 1$. A simple ansatz for $w(x)$ which fulfills these physics constraints with a single-parameter results in precise descriptions of both the nucleon and the pion quark distribution functions in comparison with global fits. The analytic structure of the amplitudes leads to a connection with the Veneziano model and hence to a nontrivial connection with Regge theory …