P. M. Nadolsky, J. Huston, H. -L. Lai, J. Pumplin, C. -P. Yuan
We overview progress in the development of general-purpose CTEQ PDFs. The preprint is based on four talks presented by H.-L. Lai and P. Nadolsky at the 17th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS 2009).
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Recent developments in the CTEQ-TEA global QCD analysis are presented. The parton distribution functions CT10-NNLO are described, constructed by comparing data from many experiments to NNLO approximations of QCD.
We review progress in the global QCD analysis by the CTEQ-TEA group since the publication of CT18 parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. Specifically, we discuss comparisons of CT18 NNLO predictions with the LHC 13 TeV measurements as well as with the FNAL SeaQuest and BNL STAR data on lepton pair production. The specialized CT18X PDFs approximating saturation effects are compared with the CT18sx PDFs obtained using NLL/NLO small-$x$ resummation. Short summaries are presented for the special CT18 parton distributions with fitted charm and with lattice QCD inputs. A recent comparat…
We discuss recent CTEQ-TEA group activities after the publication of the CT18 global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. In particular, we discuss a new calculation for the photon content in the proton, termed as CT18lux and CT18qed PDFs, and the impact of novel charm- and bottom-quark production cross section measurements at HERA on the CT18 global analysis.
We present the new CTEQ-TEA global analysis of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this analysis, parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the nucleon are determined within the Hessian method at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD, based on the most recent measurements from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a variety of world collider data. Because of difficulties in fitting both the ATLAS 7 and 8 TeV $W$ and $Z$ vector boson production cross section data, we present four families of (N)NLO CTEQ-TEA PDFs, named CT18, A, X and Z PDFs, respectively. We study the impact of …
We discuss heavy-flavor production at hadron colliders in recent global QCD analyses to determine parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton. We discuss heavy-flavor treatments in precision theory predictions at the LHC. In particular, we discuss factorization schemes in presence of heavy flavors in proton-proton collisions, as well as the impact of heavy-flavor production at the LHC on PDFs. We show results of recent updates beyond CT18, the latest global QCD analysis from the CTEQ-TEA group.
The upcoming CTEQ-TEA parton distributions in a nutshell
本文回顾CTEQ-TEA团队开发新一代核子精密部分子分布函数的研究，重点考察LHC Run 1和Run 2中Drell-Yan对、顶夸克对和单包含喷注测量对PDF的敏感性及兼容性。
Detailed studies have been carried out on the impact of the LHC top quark pair production data on gluon PDF, in the context of the CTEQ-TEA global PDF fit, with the ePump-updating method. The considered $t\bar{t}$ data include single differential distributions from ATLAS and double differential distributions from CMS, both at 8 TeV. All analyses have been carried out at the NNLO, using fastNNLO tables. We show that the sensitivity per data point of the LHC $t\bar{t}$ data is similar to that of jet data, as included in the CT14HERA2 fit, while the total sensitivity of the present $t\bar{t}$ dat…
New results in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distributions in the nucleon
本文报告CTEQ-TEA全局分析的最新进展，重点介绍基于8 TeV和13 TeV LHC数据的NNLO拟合、统计与数值方法改进，以及高x海夸克、拟合粲、光子PDF和SMEFT-PDF联合分析等唯象研究。
CT25: the new generation of CTEQ-TEA PDFs
本文介绍了新一代CTEQ-TEA PDFs——CT25系列，其首批数据集于2025年发布，采用新的不确定性量化方法，针对HL-LHC和EIC研究优化，将在后续论文中公布更多细节。
We study the impact of the lattice data on the determination of the strangeness asymmetry distribution $s_-(x) \equiv s(x) - {\bar s}(x)$ in the general CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton. Firstly, we find that allowing a non-vanishing $s_-(x)$, at the initial $Q_0=1.3$ GeV scale, in a global PDF analysis leads to the quality of the CT18As fit similar to CT18A. Secondly, including the lattice data in the CT18As\_Lat fit greatly reduces the $s_-$-PDF error band size in the large $x$ region. To further reduce its error would require more precise lattic…
An overview is given of recent progress on a variety of fronts in the global QCD analysis of the parton structure of the nucleon and its implication for collider phenomenology, carried out by various subgroups of the CTEQ collaboration.
The possibility of a (sizable) nonperturbative contribution to the charm parton distribution function (PDF) in a nucleon is investigated together with theoretical issues arising in its interpretation. Results from the global PDF analysis are presented. The separation of the universal component of the nonperturbative charm from the rest of the radiative contributions is discussed and the potential impact of a nonperturbative charm PDF on LHC scattering processes is illustrated. An estimate of nonperturbative charm magnitude in the CT14 and CT14HERA2 global QCD analyses at the next-to-next-to le…
We investigate the possibility of a (sizable) nonperturbative contribution to the charm parton distribution function (PDF) in a nucleon, theoretical issues arising in its interpretation, and its potential impact on LHC scattering processes. The "fitted charm" PDF obtained in various QCD analyses contains a process-dependent component that is partly traced to power-suppressed radiative contributions in DIS and is generally different at the LHC. We discuss separation of the universal component of the nonperturbative charm from the rest of the radiative contributions and estimate its magnitude in…
We analyze the impact of the recent HERA run I+II combination of inclusive deep inelastic scattering cross-section data on the CT14 global analysis of PDFs. New PDFs at NLO and NNLO, called CT14$_{\textrm{HERA2}}$, are obtained by a refit of the CT14 data ensembles, in which the HERA run I combined measurements are replaced by the new HERA run I+II combination. The CT14 functional parametrization of PDFs is flexible enough to allow good descriptions of different flavor combinations, so we use the same parametrization for CT14$_{\textrm{HERA2}}$ but with an additional shape parameter for descri…
We study the uncertainties of the Higgs boson production cross section through the gluon fusion subprocess at the LHC (with $\sqrt s=7, 8$ and $14$ TeV) arising from the uncertainties of the parton distribution functions (PDFs) and of the value of the strong coupling constant $α_s(M_Z)$. These uncertainties are computed by two complementary approaches, based on the Hessian and the Lagrange Multiplier methods within the CTEQ-TEA global analysis framework. We find that their predictions for the Higgs boson cross section are in good agreement. Furthermore, the result of the Lagrange Multiplier me…
Precision studies of the post-CT18 LHC Drell-Yan data in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis
本文在CTEQ-TEA框架下比较MCFM NNLO与ResBos2 NNLO+N3LL预言，评估CT18后LHC Drell-Yan数据对PDF拟合的影响并更新CT18。
We study the possibility of intrinsic (non-perturbative) charm in parton distribution functions (PDF) of the proton, within the context of the CT10 next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) global analysis. Three models for the intrinsic charm (IC) quark content are compared: (i) $\hat{c}(x) = 0$ (zero-IC model); (ii) $\hat{c}(x)$ is parametrized by a valence-like parton distribution (BHPS model); (iii) $\hat{c}(x)$ is parametrized by a sea-like parton distribution (SEA model). In these models, the intrinsic charm content, $\hat{c}(x)$, is included in the charm PDF at the matching scale $Q_c=m_c=1.…
Simultaneous CTEQ-TEA extraction of PDFs and SMEFT parameters from jet and $t{\bar t}$ data
本研究在CT18框架扩展中联合拟合SMEFT算符Wilson系数与PDFs，利用神经网络加速全局拟合，通过拉格朗日乘子扫描获得顶夸克对和喷注产生相关约束，为SM与BSM物理联合分析提供新平台。
Neutrino deep-inelastic scattering cross sections from 100 GeV to 1000 EeV
该研究利用CTEQ18 NNLO部分子分布函数，计算了100 GeV至1000 EeV能量范围内的中微子-核子散射截面。
By applying the Error PDF Updating Method, we analyze the impact of the absolute and normalized single differential cross-sections for top-quark pair production data from the ATLAS and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider, at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}= 8$ TeV, on the CT14HERA2 PDFs. We find that the top quark pair single differential distributions provide minor constraints on the CT14HERA2 gluon PDF when the nominal CT14HERA2 inclusive jet production data are included in the fit. Larger constraints on the gluon distribution are present when the jet data are removed (CT14HERA…
Strong Coupling Constant Determination from the new CTEQ-TEA Global QCD Analysis
本文基于CT25全局QCD分析，结合高精度实验数据，确定强耦合常数α_s，并评估系统误差对α_s(M_Z)提取的鲁棒性。
Impact of lattice gluon dataset on CTEQ-TEA global PDFs
本文在 CTEQ-TEA 框架下评估最新格点 QCD 胶子结果对全局 PDF 分析的影响，并结合 CT18As、LHC 喷注数据考察参数化与数据约束，给出 LHC 关键过程的唯象学含义。
Impact of Lattice Strangeness Asymmetry Data in the CTEQ-TEA Global Analysis
本研究在CTEQ-TEA全局部分子分布函数分析中纳入格点数据，探究其对奇异数不对称分布$s_-(x)$确定的影响，发现格点数据可显著缩小大$x$区域的误差带，并分析了相关拟合的应用意义与PDF比值的参数化依赖。
The impact of LHC precision measurements of inclusive jet and dijet production on the CTEQ-TEA global PDF fit
本研究使用次-次领先阶（NNLO）理论预测，分析LHC新的全喷注和双喷注测量对质子结构部分子分布函数（PDF）的影响，发现全喷注中心预测的尺度依赖更小，并探讨其唯象学意义。
We present the new CTEQ-TEA global analysis of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this analysis, parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the nucleon are determined within the Hessian method at the next-to-next-to leading order (NNLO) in perturbative QCD, based on the most recent measurements from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and a variety of world collider data. Because of difficulties in fitting both the ATLAS 7 and 8 TeV $W$ and $Z$ vector boson production cross section data, we present two families of PDFs, named CT18 and CT18$Z$ PDFs, respectively, without and with the ATLAS 7 TeV $W$ and…
A study of experimental sensitivities to proton parton distributions with xFitter
本文利用xFitter框架和$L_2$敏感度指标，系统评估了多个实验数据集对CTEQ-TEA与MSHT NNLO质子部分子分布函数拟合的影响，为识别数据集间张力提供了定量依据。
We discuss the impact of heavy-flavor production measurements in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering at HERA on the CTEQ-TEA PDFs. In particular, we study the impact of the latest charm and bottom production measurements from the H1 and ZEUS collaborations on the gluon, and the interplay of these measurements with the data ensemble of the recent CT18 global QCD analysis.
We present the new parton distribution functions (PDFs) from the CTEQ-TEA collaboration, obtained using a wide variety of high-precision Large Hadron Collider (LHC) data, in addition to the combined HERA I+II deep-inelastic scattering data set, along with the data sets present in the CT14 global QCD analysis. New LHC measurements in single-inclusive jet production with the full rapidity coverage, as well as production of Drell-Yan pairs, top-quark pairs, and high-$p_T$ $Z$ bosons, are included to achieve the greatest sensitivity to the PDFs. The parton distributions are determined at NLO and N…
We discuss implementation of the LHC experimental data sets in the new CT18 global analysis of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at the next-to-next-leading order of the QCD coupling strength. New methodological developments in the fitting methodology are discussed. Behavior of the CT18 NNLO PDFs for the conventional and "saturation-inspired" factorization scales in deep-inelastic scattering is reviewed. Four new families of (N)NLO CTEQ-TEA PDFs are presented: CT18, A, X, and Z.
We present next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) parton distribution functions (PDFs) from the CTEQ-TEA group. The CT10NNLO PDF fit is based on essentially the same global data sets used in the CT10 and CT10W NLO PDF analyses. After exploring the goodness of the fits to the HERA combined data and the Tevatron jet data, we present various predictions at NNLO accuracy for both existing and forthcoming precision measurements from the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The range of variations in the gluon distribution introduced by correlated systematic effects in inclusive jet production is also examined…
I discuss several corrections to leading twist calculations of nucleon structure functions which are needed to include experimental data at large parton fractional momentum x and at low scales Q^2 in global fits of parton distribution functions. In particular I discuss the results of the CTEQ6X global fit, and some work in progress. Topics covered include the interplay of target mass and higher-twist corrections, the importance of nuclear corrections for deuterium target data, and applications to the study of quark-hadron duality. Implications for collider physics are highlighted.
I discuss how global QCD fits of parton distribution functions can make the somewhat separated fields of high-energy particle physics and lower energy hadronic and nuclear physics interact to the benefit of both. I review specific examples of this interplay from recent works of the CTEQ-Jefferson Lab collaboration, including hadron structure at large parton momentum and gauge boson production at colliders. I devote particular attention to quantifying theoretical uncertainties arising in the treatment of large partonic momentum contributions to deep inelastic scattering observables, and to disc…
We calculate cross-sections and cross-section ratios of a charm quark production in association with a $W$ gauge boson at next-to-leading order QCD using MadGraph and CT10NNLO, CT14NNLO, and MSTW2008NNLO PDFs. We compare the results with measurements from the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 7TeV. Moreover, we calculate absolute and normalized differential cross-sections as well as differential cross-section ratios as a function of the lepton pseudorapidity from the $W$ boson decay. The correlation between the CT14NNLO PDFs and predictions for $W+$ charm data are studied a…
A Fast Method for Correlated Updates of Proton PDFs and the Strong Coupling $α_s$
本文提出一种扩展的ePump框架，用于同时分析质子部分子分布函数和强耦合$α_s$，通过将$α_s$作为拟合参数，保持参数相关性和协方差结构，验证显示其能准确再现PDF变化、$α_s(m_Z)$和不确定性降低，适用于碰撞测量中的胶子分布和精度可观测量。
CT25: Progress toward next-generation PDFs for precision phenomenology at the LHC
CT25研究基于全球NNLO分析，整合LHC新数据，优化PDFs并提升LHC精度现象学研究的可靠性。
We present new parton distribution functions (PDFs) up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) from the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of quantum chromodynamics. These differ from previous CT PDFs in several respects, including the use of data from LHC experiments and the new D0 charged lepton rapidity asymmetry data, as well as the use of more flexible parametrization of PDFs that, in particular, allows a better fit to different combinations of quark flavors. Predictions for important LHC processes, especially Higgs boson production at 13 TeV, are presented. These CT14 PDFs include a central set an…
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