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arXiv 0909.3842astro-ph.CO
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远距离X射线探测活动星系核的远红外特性:红外-X射线亮度比演化的证据

Characterising the Far-infrared Properties of Distant X-ray Detected AGNs: Evidence for Evolution in the Infrared--X-ray Luminosity Ratio

J. R. Mullaney, D. M. Alexander, M. Huynh, A. D. Goulding, D. Frayer

摘要:

本文利用70 μ m和24 μ m的斯皮策超深源观测资料,研究了Chandra深场-南(CDF-S)巡天探测到的X射线源的远红外特性。我们依靠对70 μ m数据的叠加分析来确定X射线源的平均70 μ m特性。利用Swift-BAT样品的Spitzer-IRS数据,我们发现在z~1.5范围内,70 μ m/24 μ m的通量比可以区分活动星系核主导系统和星暴主导系统。叠加分析发现,随着X射线亮度(L_X)的增加,高红移和z~0活动星系核都有向70 μ m/24 μ m暖色方向发展的趋势。我们还指出,70 μ m光通量可以用来测定高红移活动星系核的红外(8- 1000 μ m)光度。我们利用这些信息证明了在高红移(z=1-2)下,LX =10^{42-43} erg/s的活动星系核具有红外-X射线光度比在z=0.5-1和z~0时,LIR/LX分别比X射线亮度相近的活动星系核高4.7 ~(-2.0)^{+10.2}和12.7 ~(+7.1)^{-2.6}倍,分别通过比较,我们发现在相同的红移区间内,LX =10^{43-44} erg/s的活动星系核的L_IR/L_X比值基本保持不变。我们探讨了这些结果可能对利用LIR/LX比值识别遥远的、可能是康普顿厚度的活动星系核产生的影响。我们讨论了观测到的LIR/LX比值随红移增加的可能情况,包括活动星系核的尘埃覆盖因子和/或其宿主星系的恒星形成率的变化。最后,我们将展示赫歇尔空间天文台进行的深度观测将使我们能够区分这些拟议的方案,并确定康普顿厚的活动星系核在高红移。

英文摘要:

(Abridged) We investigate the far-infrared properties of X-ray sources detected in the Chandra Deep Field-South (CDF-S) survey using the ultra-deep 70um and 24um Spitzer observations taken in this field. We rely on stacking analyses of the 70um data to characterise the average 70um properties of the X-ray sources. Using Spitzer-IRS data of the Swift-BAT sample of z~0 active galactic nuclei (hereafter, AGNs), we show that the 70um/24um flux ratio can distinguish between AGN-dominated and starburst-dominated systems out to z~1.5. From stacking analysis we find that both high redshift and z~0 AGNs follow the same tendency toward warmer 70um/24um colours with increasing X-ray luminosity (L_X). We also show that the 70um flux can be used to determine the infrared (8-1000um) luminosities of high redshift AGNs. We use this information to show that L_X=10^{42-43} erg/s AGNs at high redshifts (z=1-2) have infrared to X-ray luminosity ratios (hereafter, L_IR/L_X) that are, on average, 4.7_{-2.0}^{+10.2} and 12.7^{+7.1}_{-2.6} times higher than AGNs with similar X-ray luminosities at z=0.5-1 and z~0, respectively. By comparison, we find that the L_IR/L_X ratios of L_X=10^{43-44} erg/s AGNs remain largely unchanged across this same redshift interval. We explore the consequences that these results may have on the identification of distant, potentially Compton thick AGNs using L_IR/L_X ratios. We discuss possible scenarios for the observed increase in the L_IR/L_X ratio with redshift, including changes in the dust covering factor of AGNs and/or the star formation rates of their host galaxies. Finally, we show how deep observations to be undertaken by the Herschel Space Observatory will enable us to discriminate between these proposed scenarios and also identify Compton-thick AGNs at high redshifts.

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