PILOT II的科学案例：遥远的宇宙
The Science Case for PILOT II: the Distant Universe
摘要：
PILOT（国际大型光学望远镜的探路者）是一个拟议中的2.5米光学/红外望远镜，将位于南极高原的Dome C。Dome C的大气条件为PILOT望远镜提供了高灵敏度、高测光精度、宽视场、高空间分辨率和高节奏成像能力。这些功能使PILOT具有独特的科学潜力，这在本系列论文中得到了解决。目前的论文提出了一系列处理遥远（红移>）宇宙的项目，这些项目已被确定为PILOT设施的关键科学驱动因素。PILOT通过红外项目寻找对不稳定超新星和伽马射线暴余辉，探测早期宇宙中形成的第一批恒星的潜力进行了研究。提出了两个项目来研究宇宙结构的组装和演化：一个是红外巡天，寻找第一个演化的高红移星系;另一个是光学巡天，旨在表征中等红移的星系团。最后，提出了一个大面积弱透镜巡天和一个获得超新星红外线-曲线的计划，以研究暗能量和暗物质的性质和演化。
英文摘要：
PILOT (the Pathfinder for an International Large Optical Telescope) is a proposed 2.5 m optical/infrared telescope to be located at Dome C on the Antarctic plateau. The atmospheric conditions at Dome C deliver a high sensitivity, high photometric precision, wide-field, high spatial resolution, and high-cadence imaging capability to the PILOT telescope. These capabilities enable a unique scientific potential for PILOT, which is addressed in this series of papers. The current paper presents a series of projects dealing with the distant (redshift >) Universe, that have been identified as key science drivers for the PILOT facility. The potential for PILOT to detect the first populations of stars to form in the early Universe, via infrared projects searching for pair-instability supernovae and gamma-ray burst afterglows, is investigated. Two projects are proposed to examine the assembly and evolution of structure in the Universe: an infrared survey searching for the first evolved galaxies at high redshift, and an optical survey aimed at characterising moderate-redshift galaxy clusters. Finally, a large-area weak-lensing survey and a program to obtain supernovae infrared light-curves are proposed to examine the nature and evolution of dark energy and dark matter.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
