M. B. Barbaro, J. E. Amaro, J. A. Caballero, R. Cenni, T. W. Donnelly, A. Molinari, J. M. Udias
We suggest that superscaling in electroweak interactions with nuclei, namely the observation that the reduced electron-nucleus cross sections are to a large degree independent of the momentum transfer and of the nuclear species, can be used as a tool to obtain precise predictions for neutrino-nucleus cross sections in both charged and neutral current-induced processes.
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The neutrino induced hyperon production processes $\barν_{e/μ} + p \to e^+/μ^+ + π+ Λ/Σ$ may provide a unique clean place for studying low energy $πΛ/Σ$ interaction and hyperon resonances below $KN$ threshold. The production rates for some neutrino induced hyperon production processes are estimated with theoretical models. Suggestions are made for the study of hyperon production from neutrino-nucleon reaction at present and future neutrino facilities.
Inelastic neutrino-nucleus scattering off $^{203/205}$Tl in terms of the nuclear recoil energy using a hybrid nuclear model
本文结合核壳模型与微观准粒子-声子模型构建混合核模型，计算稳定铊同位素的非弹性中微子-核散射截面（含核反冲动能影响），测试模型预测性并给出不同中微子源的事件率，与纯壳模型结果比较显示其在高中微子能量下精度更高。
We compare the nuclear corrections factors from neutrino deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) with the ones coming from a standard analysis of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDF). We focus on a discrepancy between the most precise neutrino DIS data from NuTeV and the nuclear PDF coming from the analysis of charged lepton DIS and Drell-Yan data.
The neutrino-nucleus reactions are studied at energies from 0 to 3 GeV, using the CRISP program. To simulate these reactions, CRISP uses the Monte Carlo method through an intranuclear cascade model. Quase-elastic and baryonic resonance formation channels for the neutrino-nucleon interaction are considered. The total and differential particle emission cross-sections were obtained, obtaining a good agreement with the values reported by the MiniBooNE experiment. The influence of nuclear effects on the studied reactions, such as fermionic motion, the Pauli blocking mechanism, and the nucleonic sep…
As a first step toward developing a reaction model that enables a comprehensive description of neutrino-nucleon reactions in the nucleon resonance region, we have applied for the first time a dynamical coupled-channels model, which successfully describes πN, γN --> πN, ηN, ππN, KΛ, KΣreactions up to W = 2 GeV, to predict the neutrino-induced meson-production reactions with ΔS = 0 at the forward angle limit. This has been achieved by relating the divergence of the axial-current matrix elements at Q^2 = 0 to the πN --> X reaction amplitudes through the PCAC hypothesis. We present the contributio…
We briefly comment on the ridge-like structure origin in the nuclear and hadronic reactions emphasizing that this structure in the two-particle correlation function can result from the rotation of the transient state of matter.
Nuclear Null Tests for Spacelike Neutrinos
最近，有人提出了一种类空中微子的零实验。我们详细研究了一类涉及原子和离子核β衰变或俘获的零检验。最有前途的候选系统被确定。
The coherent pion production induced by neutrinos in nuclei is studied using a delta hole model in local density approximation taking into account the renormalization of $Δ$ properties in a nuclear medium. The pion absorption effects have been included in an eikonal approximation. These effects give a large reduction in the total cross section. The numerical results for the total cross section are found to be consistent with recent experimental results from K2K and MiniBooNE collaborations and other older experiments in the intermediate energy region.
The apparent anomaly in the ratio of muon to electron atmospheric neutrinos first observed by Kamiokande and IMB has been confirmed by Super-Kamiokande and Soudan-2. The experimental analysis, including the asymmetry in the zenithal distributions of the $ μ-\mathrm{type} $ events in Super-Kamiokande gives a strong support to the neutrino oscillation hypothesis to solve the anomaly. In this work we are interested by the role of nuclear physics in the neutrino-oxygen reactions used to detect the atmospheric neutrinos. We point out that multi-nucleon excitations of np-nh type and that nuclear cor…
We discuss a novel effect in neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay related with the fact that its underlying mechanisms take place in the nuclear matter environment. We study the neutrino exchange mechanism and demonstrate the possible impact of nuclear medium via Lepton Number Violating (LNV) 4-fermion interactions of neutrino with quarks from decaying nucleus. The net effect of these interactions is generation of an effective in-medium Majorana neutrino mass matrix. The enhanced rate of the 0νββ-decay can lead to the apparent incompatibility of observations of the 0νββ-decay with the value o…
We use a correlated local Fermi gas (LFG) model, which accounts also for long distance corrections of the RPA type and final-state interactions, to compute the polarization of the final lepton in charged-current quasielastic neutrino scattering. The present model has been successfully used in recent studies of inclusive neutrino nucleus processes and muon capture. We investigate the relevance of nuclear effects in the particular case of $τ$ polarization in tau-neutrino induced reactions for several kinematics of relevance for neutrino oscillation experiments.
The so-called semi-relativistic expansion of the weak charged current in powers of the initial nucleon momentum is performed to describe charge-changing, quasielastic neutrino reactions $(ν_μ,μ^-)$ at intermediate energies. The quality of the expansion is tested by comparing with the relativistic Fermi gas model using several choices of kinematics of interest for ongoing neutrino oscillation experiments. The new current is then implemented in a continuum shell model together with relativistic kinematics to investigate the scaling properties of $(e,e')$ and $(ν_μ,μ^-)$ cross sections.
We investigate how models for neutrino-nucleus cross sections based on different assumptions for the nuclear dynamics affect the forecasted sensitivities to neutrino oscillation parameters at future neutrino facilities. We limit ourselves to the quasi-elastic regime, where the neutrino cross sections can be evaluated with less uncertainties, and discuss the sensitivity reach to theta_{13} and the CP violation phase at a prototype low-gamma beta-beam, mostly sensitive to the quasi-elastic regime.
Neutrino-Nucleus Reactions
本文评述了中微子核反应在天体物理学中的应用。
We study the effect of the neutrino magnetic moment on the neutrino-deuteron breakup reaction, using a method called the standard nuclear physics approach, which has already been well tested for several electroweak processes involving the deuteron.
We highlight recent developments in neutrino astrophysics. We discuss some of the connections with nuclear physics.
In interpreting the SNO experiments, very accurate estimates of the νd reaction cross sections are of great importance. We improve the previous estimates of our group by updating some of its inputs and by taking into account the results of a recent effective-field-theoretical calculation. The new cross sections are slightly (\sim 1%) larger than the previously reported values. We present arguments that lead to the conclusion that it is reasonable to assign 1% uncertainty to the νd cross sections reported here.
In interpreting the SNO experiments, accurate estimates of the νd reaction cross sections are of great importance. In our recent work, we have improved our previous calculation by updating some of its inputs and by incorporating the results of a recent effective-field-theoretical calculation. The new cross sections are slightly (\sim 1%) larger than the previously reported values. It is reasonable to assign 1% uncertainty to the νd cross sections reported here; this error estimate does not include radiative corrections.
The current and near-future neutrino oscillation experiments require significantly improved neutrino-nucleus reaction models. Neutrino-nucleon pion production data play a crucial role to validate corresponding elementary amplitudes that go into such neutrino-nucleus models. Thus the currently available data extracted from charged-current neutrino-deuteron reaction data ($ν_μd\to μ^-πNN$) must be corrected for nuclear effects such as the Fermi motion and final state interactions (FSI). We study $ν_μd\to μ^-πNN$ with a theoretical model including the impulse mechanism supplemented by FSI from $N…
A precise description of neutrino-nucleus reactions will play a key role in addressing fundamental questions such as the leptonic CP violation and the neutrino mass hierarchy through analyzing data from next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments. The neutrino energy relevant to the neutrino-nucleus reactions spans a broad range and, accordingly, the dominant reaction mechanism varies across the energy region from quasi-elastic scattering through nucleon resonance excitations to deep inelastic scattering. This corresponds to transitions of the effective degree of freedom for theoretical d…
Photo nuclear reactions are shown to be used for studying neutrino/weak nuclear responses involved in astro-neutrino nuclear interactions and double beta decays. Charged current weak responses for ground and excited states are studied by using photo nuclear reactions through isobaric analog states of those states, while neutral current weak responses for excited states are studied by using photo nuclear reactions through the excited states. The weak interaction strengths are studied by measuring the cross sections of the photo nuclear reactions, and the spin and parity of the state are studied…
For a long time very little experimental information was available about neutrino properties, even though a minute neutrino mass has intriguing cosmological and astrophysical implications. This situation has changed in recent decades: intense experimental activity to measure many neutrino properties took place. Some of these developments and their implications for astrophysics and cosmology are briefly reviewed with a particular emphasis on neutrino magnetic moments and collective neutrino oscillations
Determination of parton distribution functions in nuclei is important for calculating nuclear corrections in oscillation experiments, from which detailed information should be extracted on neutrino properties. First, nuclear parton distributions are discussed for explaining high-energy nuclear reaction data. Possible nuclear modification is explained for valence-quark and antiquark distributions. It is rather difficult to determine gluon distributions in nuclei. Next, reversing the topic, we discuss structure functions which could be investigated by neutrino reactions. Determination of polariz…
We present a phenomenological study of nuclear effects in neutrino charged-current interactions, using transverse kinematic imbalances in exclusive measurements. Novel observables with minimal dependence on neutrino energy are proposed to study quasielastic scattering, and especially resonance production. They should be able to provide direct constraints on nuclear effects in neutrino- and antineutrino-nucleus interactions.
Coupled-channel two-particle systems bound by a harmonic trap are discussed in the present paper. We derive the formula that relates the energy levels of such trapped systems to phase shifts and inelasticity of coupled-channel reactions. The formula makes it possible to extract amplitudes of inelastic nuclear reactions from ab initio calculations of discrete levels of many-nucleon systems in a harmonic trap.
Results for neutrino flavor oscillations and neutrino mixing mechanisms, obtained from the analysis of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), the SuperKamiokande (SK), CHOOZ, KamLAND and WMAP data, are used to calculate the effective neutrino mass relevant for the neutrinoless double-beta decay. The observability of the decay of 76Ge is discussed within different light-neutrino mass hierarchies and by presenting a systematics on the available nuclear matrix elements.
Gamow-Teller (GT) strength in $^{40}$Ar is studied by shell-model calculations with monopole-based universal intearction, which has tensor components of $π$ρ$-meson exchanges. Calculated GT strength is found to be consistent with the experimental data obtained by recent ($p, n$) reactions. Neutrino capture cross sections on $^{40}$Ar for solar neutrinos from $^{8}$B are found to be enhanced compared with previous calculations. The reaction cross sections for multipoles other than $0^{+}$ and $1^{+}$ are obtained by random-phase approximation (RPA). Their contributions become important for neut…
The GiBUU model, which implements all reaction channels relevant at medium neutrino energy, is used to investigate the neutrino and antineutrino scattering on iron. Results for integrated cross sections are compared with NOMAD and MINOS data. It is shown, that final state interaction can noticeably change the spectra of the outgoing hadrons. Predictions for the Miner$ν$a experiment are made for pion spectra, averaged over NuMI neutrino and antineutrino fluxes.
I explain the Sato-Lee (SL) model and its extension to the neutrino-induced pion production off the nucleon. Then I discuss applications of the SL model to incoherent and coherent pion productions in the neutrino-nucleus scattering. I mention a further extension of this approach with a dynamical coupled-channels model developed in Excited Baryon Analysis Center of JLab.
We evaluate nuclear effects in neutrino reactions in a framework based on a model proposed by Marteau with quasi-elastic and $Δ$ production processes treated together. Nuclear effects include RPA corrections and $Δ$ width modification in nuclear matter.
We review the Trojan horse method and its applications to resonant reactions in nuclear astrophysics.
We present a Monte Carlo truth study examining nuclear effects in charged-current neutrino interactions using observables constructed in the transverse plane. Three distributions are introduced that show very weak dependence on neutrino flux and its associated uncertainty. Measurements comparing these distributions between quasi-elastic-like and single charged pion final states will provide new constraints of nuclear effects. It is suggested that the on-axis position in the NuMI beam provides the correct flux to take advantage of this reduced energy dependence in measuring nuclear effect-gener…
An ab-initio calculation of the inelastic neutral reaction of neutrino on 4He is presented, including realistic nuclear force and full final state interaction among the four nucleons. The calculation uses the powerful combintation of the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) method and the hyperspherical-harmonic effective interaction approach (EIHH). The neutrino - nucleus interaction is taken in the impulse approximation. With respect to previous calculations, the current work predicts an increased reaction cross-section by 10%-30% for neutrino temperature up to 15 MeV.
An event generator for the description of nuclear reactions in the Fermi energy range is briefly introduced and first comparisons with experimental data are shown.
Nuclear pasta, with nucleons arranged into tubes, sheets, or other complex shapes, is expected in core collapse supernovae (SNe) at just below nuclear density. We calculate the additional opacity from neutrino-pasta coherent scattering using molecular dynamics simulations. We approximately include this opacity in simulations of SNe. We find that pasta slows neutrino diffusion and greatly increases the neutrino signal at late times of 10 or more seconds after stellar core collapse. This signal, for a galactic SN, should be clearly visible in large detectors such as Super-Kamiokande.
Reliable estimates of neutrino-nucleus reactions in the resonance-excitation region play an important role in many of the on-going and planned neutrino oscillation experiments. We study here neutrino-nucleus reactions in the delta-particle excitation region with the use of neutrino pion-production amplitudes calculated in a formalism in which the resonance contributions and the background amplitudes are treated on the same footing. Our approach leads to the neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections that are significantly different from those obtained in the conventional approach wherein only th…
Extraction of bulk nuclear properties by comparing reaction observables to results from semiclassical transport-model simulations is discussed. Specific properties include the nuclear viscosity, incompressibility and constraints on the nuclear pressure at supranormal densities.
We review some salient aspects of calculations of the neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections in the low energy range (1-100 MeV).
We calculate cross sections for the neutral current induced neutrino/antineutrino reaction from $^{208}Pb$ target and applied it to study Supernova neutrino event rates. The calculations are done in local density approximation taking into account Pauli blocking, Fermi motion effects and renormalization of weak transition strengths in the nuclear medium. The numerical results for the neutrino nucleus total cross sections have been averaged over the various Supernova neutrino/antineutrino fluxes available in literature.
Direct mechanism in solar nuclear reactions
直接反应机制和用于分析这些过程的模型的简要概述。讨论了通过直接机制进行的太阳氢燃烧所涉及的核反应。研究了这些核反应对太阳中微子问题的意义。
We examine neutral-current quasi-elastic neutrino-nucleus reactions on $^{12}$C and $^{208}$Pb targets. We use the relativistic mean field theory approach to describe the nuclear dynamics. We compute the cross sections for the scattering of 150-MeV, 500-MeV and 1000-MeV neutrinos on a $^{12}$C target and study the effect of the strange-quark content of the nucleon which appears in these reactions via the isoscalar weak current. We compare our results with the data of the MiniBooNE experiment for mineral oil (CH$_2$). We also calculate the cross section for the quasi-elastic neutron knockout re…
We incorporate the coupled-channels optical model into the statistical Hauser-Feshbach nuclear reaction theory, where the scattering matrix is diagonalized by performing the Engelbrecht-Weidenmüller transformation. This technique has been implemented in the coupled-channels optical model code ECIS by J. Raynal, and we extend this method so that all the open channels in a nucleon-induced reaction on a deformed nucleus can be calculated consistently.
The GiBUU model, which implements all reaction channels relevant at medium neutrino energy, is used to investigate the neutrino and antineutrino scattering on iron. Results for integrated cross sections are compared with NOMAD and MINOS data. It is shown, that final state interaction can noticeably change the spectra of the outgoing hadrons. Predictions for the Miner$ν$a experiment are made for pion spectra, averaged over NuMI neutrino and antineutrino fluxes.
The results from an investigation of the incoherent single pion electroweak production on the deuteron in the $Δ$(1232) region are reported. The importance of including the nucleon-nucleon final state interactions in extracting the neutrino-nucleon cross sections from the data obtained from the experiments on the deuteron target is demonstrated.
We explain the current status of nuclear parton distribution functions in connection with neutrino-nucleus interactions. Neutrino deep inelastic scattering (DIS) measurements have been done for heavy nuclear targets such as iron and lead. In order to extract structure functions of the nucleon, one needs to remove nuclear effects from the data. However, recent studies indicate that there are inconsistencies in nuclear modifications between charged-lepton and neutrino scattering measurements. Nuclear medium effects could be also an origin for the NuTeV anomaly in the weak-mixing angle. In additi…
The main features of nuclear reactions with participation of baryon resonances ($Δ$(1232), S(1535) and $Λ$(1405)), which are interpreted as a manifestation of the bound states of nucleus and corresponding meson are discussed.
The effects of the theoretical uncertainties in the description of neutrino-nucleus cross sections for supernova neutrino energies are investigated.
The effects of nuclear re-interactions in the quasi-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering are investigated with a phenomenological model. We found that the nuclear responses are lowered and their maxima are shifted towards higher excitation energies. This is reflected on the total neutrino-nucleus cross section in a general reduction of about 15% for neutrino energies above 300 MeV.
Nuclear effects in the quasielastic and inelastic scattering of neutrinos(antineutrinos) from nuclear targets have been studied. The calculations are done in the local density approximation which take into account the effect of nucleon motion as well as renormalisation of weak transition strengths in the nuclear medium. The inelastic reaction leading to production of pions is calculated in a $Δ$ dominance model taking into account the renormalization of $Δ$ properties in the nuclear medium.
Neutrinoless $ββ$ decay nuclear matrix elements calculated with the shell model and energy-density functional theory typically disagree by more than a factor of two in the standard scenario of light-neutrino exchange. In contrast, for a decay mediated by sterile heavy neutrinos the deviations are reduced to about 50\%, an uncertainty similar to the one due to short-range effects. We compare matrix elements in the light- and heavy-neutrino-exchange channels, exploring the radial, momentum transfer and angular momentum-parity matrix element distributions, and considering transitions that involve…
The connection between neutrino physics, nucleosynthesis of elements in astrophysical sites, laboratory measurements with rare exotic nuclei and astronomical observations is discussed. The key role played by neutrinos is emphasized and the close connection between neutrino physics and nucleosynthesis is highlighted.
The nuclear transparency of the charged hadron produced in the inclusive $(e,e^\prime)$ reaction on the nucleus has been calculated using Glauber model for the nuclear reaction. The color transparency (CT) of the produced hadron and the short-range correlation (SRC) of the nucleons in the nucleus have been incorporated in the Glauber model to investigate their effects on the nuclear transparency of the hadron. The calculated nuclear transparencies for the proton and pion are compared with the data.
This talk provides a basic introduction for students interested in the responses of detectors to solar, supernova, and other low-energy neutrino sources. Some of the nuclear physics is then applied in a discussion of nucleosynthesis within a Type II supernova, including the r-process and the neutrino process.
Neutrino long-baseline experiments nowadays all use nuclear targets. The extraction of neutrino oscillation parameters from such experiments requires a good understanding of the interaction of neutrinos with nuclei. In this talk we discuss results on quasielastic scattering and pion production which are the relevant processes in the neutrino energy regime around 1 GeV. We also discuss implications of the reaction mechanisms for the reconstruction of the neutrino energy which is not known a priori.
The methods used in the evaluation of the neutrino-nucleus cross section are reviewed. Results are shown for a variety of targets of practical importance. Many of the described reactions are accessible in future experiments with neutrino sources from the pion and muon decays at rest, which might be available at the neutron spallation facilities. Detailed comparison between the experimental and theoretical results would establish benchmarks needed for verification and/or parameter adjustment of the nuclear models. Having a reliable tool for such calculation is of great importance in a variety o…
We discuss the importance of precise study of muon capture in deuterium for correct understanding of some fundamental astrophysical processes
The calculations of three-body direct nuclear reactions with nonlocal optical potentials are performed for the first time using the framework of Faddeev-type scattering equations. Important nonlocality effect is found for transfer reactions like d+16O -> p + 17O often improving the description of the experimental data.
In this paper we study the influence of nuclear medium effects on quasi-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering processes. We focus on effects provided by the nuclear mean field and random phase correlations and pay special attention to differences between neutrino- and antineutrino-induced reactions. We confront our results with the T2K and MiniBooNE data for both neutrinos and antineutrinos and the neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry. In view of the recently published ab initio results we provide a careful comparison between our cross section predictions and the ab-initio calculations.
Compound-nuclear processes play an important role for nuclear physics applications and are crucial for our understanding of the nuclear many-body problem. Despite intensive interest in this area, some of the available theoretical developments have not yet been fully tested and implemented. We revisit the general theory of compound-nuclear reactions, discuss descriptions of pre-equilibrium reactions, and consider extensions that are needed in order to get cross section information from indirect measurements.
Accurate nuclear reaction rates are needed for primordial nucleosynthesis and hydrostatic burning in stars. The relevant reactions are extremely difficult to measure directly in the laboratory at the small astrophysical energies. In recent years direct reactions have been developed and applied to extract low-energy astrophysical S-factors. These methods require a combination of new experimental techniques and theoretical efforts, which are the subject of this presentation.
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