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arXiv 0909.2032astro-ph.CO
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10 k zCOSMOS:z~1以来星系群环境中的形态转变

The 10k zCOSMOS: morphological transformation of galaxies in the group environment since z~1

K. Kovac, S. J. Lilly, C. Knobel, M. Bolzonella, A. Iovino, C. M. Carollo, C. Scarlata, M. Sargent, O. Cucciati, G. Zamorani, L. Pozzetti, L. A. M. Tasca, M. Sc… 展开作者

K. Kovac, S. J. Lilly, C. Knobel, M. Bolzonella, A. Iovino, C. M. Carollo, C. Scarlata, M. Sargent, O. Cucciati, G. Zamorani, L. Pozzetti, L. A. M. Tasca, M. Scodeggio, P. Kampczyk, Y. Peng, P. Oesch, E. Zucca, A. Finoguenov, T. Contini, J. -P. Kneib, O. Le Fevre, V. Mainieri, A. Renzini, S. Bardelli, A. Bongiorno, K. Caputi, G. Coppa, S. de la Torre, L. de Ravel, P. Franzetti, B. Garilli, F. Lamareille, J. -F. Le Borgne, V. Le Brun, C. Maier, M. Mignoli, R. Pello, E. Perez Montero, E. Ricciardelli, J. D. Silverman, M. Tanaka, L. Tresse, D. Vergani, U. Abbas, D. Bottini, A. Cappi, P. Cassata, A. Cimatti, M. Fumana, L. Guzzo, A. M. Koekemoer, A. Leauthaud, D. Maccagni, C. Marinoni, H. J. McCracken, P. Memeo, B. Meneux, C. Porciani, R. Scaramella, N. Z. Scoville

摘要:

我们研究星系的演化内部和外部的组环境,因为z=1使用一个大的定义良好的组和星系的zCOSMOS明亮的红移调查在COSMOS领域。具有早型形态的星系所占比例随M_B光度、恒星质量和宇宙纪元的增加而单调增加。这是在组高于其他地方,特别是在较晚的时代。在z~0.5和log(M*/Msol)~10.2时,星系群环境的“效应”仅相当于0.2 dex(恒星质量)或2 Gyr(时间)。星系群中星系的质量函数在大质量星系中是丰富的。我们直接确定从晚期到早期形态的转化率,以及涉及颜色和恒星形成指标的转化率。系统的转化率在群体中大约是外部的两倍,或者高达3-4倍,校正了新群体的出现。对于交叉质量10^10.5 Msol周围的质量,组内的转化率达到(0.3-0.7)/Gyr,意味着转化时间尺度为1.4-3 Gyr,而组外的转化率低于0.2/Gyr,即时间尺度>5 Gyr。这三种转化率在恒星质量较高时都降低,在质量低于10^10 Msol时也必然降低,因为我们无法很好地探测到。涉及颜色和恒星形成的比率始终高于形态的比率,约为50%。我们的结论是,自z~1以来,驱动整个星系种群演化的转变在星系群中的发生率必须比星系群外的发生率高2-4倍。

英文摘要:

We study the evolution of galaxies inside and outside of the group environment since z=1 using a large well defined set of groups and galaxies from the zCOSMOS-bright redshift survey in the COSMOS field. The fraction of galaxies with early-type morphologies increases monotonically with M_B luminosity and stellar mass and with cosmic epoch. It is higher in the groups than elsewhere, especially at later epochs. The emerging environmental effect is superposed on a strong global mass-driven evolution, and at z~0.5 and log(M*/Msol)~10.2, the "effect" of group environment is equivalent to (only) about 0.2 dex in stellar mass or 2 Gyr in time. The stellar mass function of galaxies in groups is enriched in massive galaxies. We directly determine the transformation rates from late to early morphologies, and for transformations involving colour and star formation indicators. The transformation rates are systematically about twice as high in the groups as outside, or up to 3-4 times higher correcting for infall and the appearance of new groups. The rates reach values, for masses around the crossing mass 10^10.5 Msol, as high as (0.3-0.7)/Gyr in the groups, implying transformation timescales of 1.4-3 Gyr, compared with less than 0.2/Gyr, i.e. timescales >5 Gyr, outside of groups. All three transformation rates decrease at higher stellar masses, and must decrease also at the lower masses below 10^10 Msol which we cannot well probe. The rates involving colour and star formation are consistently higher than those for morphology, by a factor of about 50%. Our conclusion is that the transformations which drive the evolution of the overall galaxy population since z~1 must occur at a rate 2-4 times higher in groups than outside of them.

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