从M31周围区域的全景观测得到的星系形成的残余物
The remnants of galaxy formation from a panoramic survey of the region around M31
摘要：
在等级宇宙学模型中，星系通过不断吸积较小的星系而增加质量。这些系统的潮汐破坏预计会导致星系周围松散的恒星，距离达到中心盘半径的$10 - 100$倍。这一过程遗留下来的物质的数量、光度和形态为星系形成历史提供了重要线索，但由于其内在的模糊性和巨大的范围，很难对这些成分进行全面的调查。在这里，我们报告了仙女座星系（M31）的全景调查。我们探测到的恒星和相干结构几乎可以肯定是被M31潮汐场摧毁的矮星系的残余。一项对幸存的M31卫星的更好的普查表明，M31卫星中有四分之三的卫星比$M_V < -6$亮，有待发现。最明亮的伴星三角座（M33）被一个恒星结构所包围，这为最近与M31的相遇提供了有说服力的证据。这幅星系结构的全景图直接证实了等级星系形成模型的基本原理，并揭示了M31和M33在不断积累星系中的共同历史。
英文摘要：
In hierarchical cosmological models, galaxies grow in mass through the continual accretion of smaller ones. The tidal disruption of these systems is expected to result in loosely bound stars surrounding the galaxy, at distances that reach $10 - 100$ times the radius of the central disk. The number, luminosity and morphology of the relics of this process provide significant clues to galaxy formation history, but obtaining a comprehensive survey of these components is difficult because of their intrinsic faintness and vast extent. Here we report a panoramic survey of the Andromeda galaxy (M31). We detect stars and coherent structures that are almost certainly remnants of dwarf galaxies destroyed by the tidal field of M31. An improved census of their surviving counterparts implies that three-quarters of M31's satellites brighter than $M_V < -6$ await discovery. The brightest companion, Triangulum (M33), is surrounded by a stellar structure that provides persuasive evidence for a recent encounter with M31. This panorama of galaxy structure directly confirms the basic tenets of the hierarchical galaxy formation model and reveals the shared history of M31 and M33 in the unceasing build-up of galaxies.
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