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arXiv 0908.4511astro-ph.HE
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放射状结构外流的早期余辉及其在X射线浅衰变中的应用

Early afterglows from radially structured outflows and the application to X-ray shallow decays

Xue-Wen Liu, Xue-Feng Wu, Yuan-Chuan Zou, Tan Lu

摘要:

在火球模型中,伽马射线暴(GRB)喷出物具有一定范围的体洛伦兹因子(假设$M\propto Γ^{-s}$)在物理上更真实。当喷出物的高洛伦兹因子部分被周围介质减速到可比较的洛伦兹因子时,喷出物的低洛伦兹因子部分将赶上高洛仑兹因子部分。这一过程将发展出一个持续时间较长的弱反向冲击,直到整个喷出物都受到冲击。同时,前向冲击材料逐渐被供应来自追赶的喷出物的能量,因此前向冲击发射的时间衰减将比没有能量供应的时间衰减慢。然而,反向冲击可能会很强烈。在这里,我们将标准的反向-正向激波模型扩展到径向不均匀喷出物的情况。我们表明,这个过程可以分为两种情况:厚壳的情况下,薄壳的情况下。在薄壳情况下,逆激波较弱,余辉的时间标度律与Sari & Mesz(2000)的结果相同。然而,在厚壳的情况下,反向冲击是强大的,因此它的发射占主导地位的余辉在高能带。我们的研究结果还表明,由于低洛伦兹因子材料的能量供应,余辉的衰减行为较慢,这可能有助于理解在早期的光学和X射线余辉中观察到的平台。

英文摘要:

In the fireball model, it is more physically realistic that gamma-ray burst (GRB) ejecta have a range of bulk Lorentz factors (assuming $M\propto Γ^{-s}$). The low Lorentz factor part of the ejecta will catch up with the high Lorentz factor part when the latter is decelerated by the surrounding medium to a comparable Lorentz factor. Such a process will develop a long-lasting weak reverse shock until the whole ejecta are shocked. Meanwhile, the forward shocked materials are gradually supplied with energy from the ejecta that are catching-up, and thus the temporal decay of the forward shock emission will be slower than that without an energy supply. However, the reverse shock may be strong. Here, we extend the standard reverse-forward shock model to the case of radially nonuniform ejecta. We show that this process can be classified into two cases: the thick shell case and the thin shell case. In the thin shell case, the reverse shock is weak and the temporal scaling law of the afterglow is the same as that in Sari & Mesz (2000). However, in the thick shell case, the reverse shock is strong and thus its emission dominates the afterglow in the high energy band. Our results also show slower decaying behavior of the afterglow due to the energy supply by low Lorentz factor materials, which may help the understanding of the plateau observed in the early optical and X-ray afterglows.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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