恒定净时间车头时距是行人流量动力学背后的关键机制
Constant net-time headway as key mechanism behind pedestrian flow dynamics
摘要：
我们表明，保持一个恒定的下限净时间车头时距是背后的行人流的动态的关键机制。从不同国家的研究中获得的行人流的经验数据中，流量和速度作为密度的函数有很大的变化。然而，净时距在所有这些不同的数据集上保持近似恒定。通过使用这个事实，我们演示了行人人群的基本动态，自然地遵循当地的相互作用。这意味着不需要像传统上那样提出任意拟合函数（具有任意拟合参数）。此外，通过不仅使用平均密度值，而且还使用方差，我们展示了最近报道的停止和前进波[Helbing等人，Physical Review E，75，046109]当局部密度变化的值超过某个最大全局（平均）密度时出现，这使得行人停止。
英文摘要：
We show that keeping a constant lower limit on the net-time headway is the key mechanism behind the dynamics of pedestrian streams. There is a large variety in flow and speed as functions of density for empirical data of pedestrian streams, obtained from studies in different countries. The net-time headway however, stays approximately constant over all these different data sets. By using this fact, we demonstrate how the underlying dynamics of pedestrian crowds, naturally follows from local interactions. This means that there is no need to come up with an arbitrary fit function (with arbitrary fit parameters) as has traditionally been done. Further, by using not only the average density values, but the variance as well, we show how the recently reported stop-and-go waves [Helbing et al., Physical Review E, 75, 046109] emerge when local density variations take values exceeding a certain maximum global (average) density, which makes pedestrians stop.
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