Measurements of Neutrino Cross Sections Near 1 GeV
M. O. Wascko
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25 pages with 14 figures, submitted to procedings of 45th Winter School in Theoretical Physics "Neutrino Interactions: from Theory to Monte Carlo Simulations"
We summarise recent neutrino and antineutrino measurements near 1 GeV by the K2K, MiniBooNE and SciBooNE collaborations. We focus on experimental methods and note discrepancies between the most commonly used models for neutrino-nucleus interactions and recent high statistics observations of charged-current quasi-elastic scattering as well as charged and neutral current pion production on carbon and oxygen. We discuss possible directions for future measurements.
A Precise Measurement of the Muon Neutrino-Nucleon Inclusive Charged Current Cross-Section off an Isoscalar Target in the Energy Range 2.5 < E_ν< 40 GeV by NOMAD
The SciBooNE Collaboration has measured neutral current neutral pion production by the muon neutrino beam at a polystyrene target (C8H8). We obtained (7.7+- 0.5(stat.)+0.4-0.5 (sys.)) x 10^-2 as cross section ratio of the neutral current neutral pion production to total charged current cross section at the mean neutrino energy of 1.16 GeV. This result is consistent with the Monte Carlo prediction based on the Rein-Sehgal model
The next generation of neutrino oscillation experiments aims to answer many interesting questions, such as whether there is CP violation in the neutrino sector and whether sterile neutrinos exist. These experiments will require high precision cross section measurements of various neutrino and anti-neutrino interaction channels. We review results and prospects for such measurements from the MiniBooNE, T2K, MINER$ν$A and ArgoNeuT collaborations.
The electron-neutrino charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) cross-section on nuclei is an important input parameter to appearance-type neutrino oscillation experiments. Current experiments typically work from the muon neutrino cross-section and apply corrections from theoretical arguments to obtain a prediction for the electron neutrino cross-section, but to date there has been no experimental verification of the estimates for this channel at an energy scale appropriate to such experiments. We present a preliminary result from the MINERvA experiment on the first measurement of an exclusive reac…
We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production of secondary protons, charged pions, and deuterons, in the interactions with a 5% nuclear interaction length thick stationary lead target, of proton and pion beams with momentum from +/-3 GeV/c to +/-15 GeV/c. Results are given for secondary particles with production angles 20 to 125 degrees. Cross-sections on lead nuclei are compared with cross-sections on beryllium, copper, and tantalum nuclei.
The MiniBooNE experiment has reported a number of high statistics neutrino and anti-neutrino cross sections-among which are the charged current quasi-elastic (CCQE) and neutral current elastic (NCE) neutrino scattering on mineral oil. Recently a study of the neutrino contamination of the anti-neutrino beam has concluded and the analysis of the anti-neutrino CCQE and NCE scattering is ongoing.
SciBooNE is a neutrino and anti-neutrino cross-section experiment at Fermilab, USA. The SciBooNE experiment is summarised and two independent CCQE analyses are described. For one of the analyses, an absolute muon-neutrino CCQE cross-section in the neutrino energy region (0.6-1.6) GeV is shown and the technique developed for such a purpose is also explained. The total cross-section measured over this energy range agrees well with expectations, based on the NEUT event generator and using a value of 1.21 GeV for the CCQE axial mass.
We report measurements of cross sections of neutrinos of 0.7 GeV average energy scattering off a carbon target cross sections with by the SciBooNE experiment at Fermilab. These measurements are important inputs for current and future accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments in the interpretation of neutrino oscillation signals. Contribution to NUFACT 11, XIIIth International Workshop on Neutrino Factories, Super beams and Beta beams, 1-6 August 2011, CERN and University of Geneva (Submitted to IOP conference series)
We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production of secondary protons and charged pions, in the interactions with a 5% interaction length thick stationary beryllium target, of proton and pion beams with momentum from +/-3 GeV/c to +/-15 GeV/c. Results are given for secondary particles with production angles between 20 and 125 degrees.
We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production of secondary protons, charged pions, and deuterons, in the interactions with a 5% nuclear interaction length thick stationary copper target, of proton and pion beams with momentum from +/-3 GeV/c to +/-15 GeV/c. Results are given for secondary particles with production angles between 20 and 125 degrees.
T2K (Tokai to Kamioka) is a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment located in Japan and designed to measure neutrino flavor oscillation using an off-axis neutrino beam. Data collected recently with an anti-neutrino beam allows T2K to measure cross sections for anti-neutrinos at an energy around 600 MeV using the off-axis near detector. These measurements, along with the analogous for neutrinos, are vital inputs to neutrino oscillation analyses and their interpretation. In this work preliminary results on the simultaneous extraction of the muon neutrino and anti-neutrino charged-current …
We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production of secondary protons, charged pions, and deuterons, in the interactions with a 5% nuclear interaction length thick stationary tin target, of proton and pion beams with momentum from \pm3 GeV/c to \pm15 GeV/c. Results are given for secondary particles with production angles between 20 and 125 degrees. Cross-sections on tin nuclei are compared with cross-sections on beryllium, carbon, copper, tantalum and lead nuclei.
In recent years a number of new theoretical models have been implemented into Monte-Carlo neutrino interaction event generators. Being able to compare multiple model predictions is invaluable to the field, especially as it is unfortunately still unclear which one provides the best fit to the entire collection of neutrino cross-section data. Using a recently developed neutrino generator tuning framework (NUISANCE), we review a selection of models in the NEUT and NuWro generators through comparisons to existing bubble chamber, MINERvA, and MiniBooNE cross-section data.
We report on double-differential inclusive cross-sections of the production of secondary protons, charged pions, and deuterons, in the interactions with a 5% λint thick stationary aluminium target, of proton and pion beams with momentum from \pm3 GeV/c to \pm15 GeV/c. Results are given for secondary particles with production angles between 20 and 125 degrees. Cross-sections on aluminium nuclei are compared with cross-sections on beryllium, carbon, copper, tin, tantalum and lead nuclei.
In this paper we report on the measurement of the rate of inclusive $π^0$ production induced by charged-current neutrino interactions in a C$_8$H$_8$ target at a mean energy of 1.3 GeV in the K2K near detector. Out of a sample of 11,606 charged current neutrino interactions, we select 479 $π^0$ events with two reconstructed photons. We find that the cross section for the inclusive $π^0$ production relative to the charged-current quasi-elastic cross section is $$\frac{σ_{CCπ^0}}{σ_{CCQE}}=0.426\pm0.032(stat.)\pm0.035(syst.)$$ The energy dependent cross section ratio is also measured. The result…
We propose to use the unique event topology and reconstruction capabilities of liquid argon time projection chambers to study sub-GeV atmospheric neutrinos. The detection of low energy recoiled protons in DUNE allows for a determination of the leptonic $CP$-violating phase independent from the accelerator neutrino measurement. Our findings indicate that this analysis can exclude several values of $δ_{CP}$ beyond the $3σ$ level. Moreover, the determination of the sub-GeV atmospheric neutrino flux will have important consequences in the detection of diffuse supernova neutrinos and in dark matter…
The explorations of alternative dark matter (DM) candidates beyond WIMP motivated primordial black holes (PBHs) or sub-GeV DM particle in the Milky Way. Neutrinos from PBH evaporation at the present times play as a novel medium boosting sub-GeV DM and leaving signatures in the terrestrial experiments. We explore the boosted DM by the neutrino flux from PBH evaporation (PBH$ν$BDM) so as to connect the macroscopic PBHs to sub-GeV DM particle. We consider this PBH$ν$BDM scenario to interpret the XENON1T keV excess. The projected bounds on the sub-GeV DM-electron scattering cross section and the f…
An update on recent discoveries by the IceCube project, which transforms approximately one cubic kilometer of natural Antarctic ice into a Cherenkov detector. This paper will be submitted to SLAC for inclusion in the Snowmass2013 proceedings
We present a measurement of the electron neutrino charged-current inclusive cross section per nucleon with a data sample corresponding to 2.6E20 protons-on-target collected by NOvA near detector at Fermilab.
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory observes neutrinos interacting deep within the South Pole ice. It consists of 5,160 digital optical modules embedded within a cubic kilometer of ice, over depths of 1,450 m to 2,450 m. At the lower center of the array is the DeepCore subdetector. Its denser sensor configuration lowers the observable energy threshold to the GeV-scale, facilitating the study of atmospheric neutrino oscillations. The precise reconstruction of neutrino direction is critical in the measurements of oscillation parameters. This work presents a method to reconstruct the zenith angle of…
We propose a four-loop induced radiative neutrino mass model inspired by the diphoton excess at 750 GeV recently reported by ATLAS and CMS, in which a sizable diphoton excess is obtained via photon fusion introducing multi doubly-charged scalar bosons. Also we discuss the muon anomalous magnetic moment, and a dark matter candidate. The main process to explain the observed relic density relies on the final state of the new particle at 750 GeV. Finally we show the numerical results and obtain allowed region of several physical values in our model.
The flux of high-energy neutrinos passing through the Earth is attenuated due to their interactions with matter. Their transmission probability is modulated by the neutrino interaction cross section and affects the arrival flux at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a cubic-kilometer neutrino detector embedded in the South Pole ice sheet. We present a measurement of the neutrino-nucleon cross section between 60 TeV--10 PeV using the high-energy starting events (HESE) sample from IceCube with 7.5 years of data.
Whether studying neutrinos for their own sake or as a messenger particle, neutrino cross sections are critically important for numerous analyses. On the low energy side, measurements from accelerator experiments reach up to a few 100s of GeV. On the high energy side, neutrino-earth absorption measurements extend down to a few TeV. The intermediate energy range has yet to be measured experimentally. This work is made possible by the linear relationship between the event rate and cross section, and will utilize IceCube muon neutrino data collected between 2010 and 2018. An advanced energy recons…
A phenomenological model of two-body current (2p2h) contribution to neutrino cross section is introduced. Predictions of the Valencia model for 2p2h are modified using recent CC0pi measurements from T2K and MINERvA experiments. Our results suggest a significant increase of the 2p2h cross section at neutrino energies bigger than 1 GeV and also a redistribution of 2p2h events as function of energy and momentum transfer. This may have a big impact on neutrino energy reconstruction in neutrino oscillation parameters.
We show that existing laboratory experiments have the potential to unveil the origin of matter by probing leptogenesis in the type-I seesaw model with three right-handed neutrinos and Majorana masses in the GeV range. The baryon asymmetry is generated by CP-violating flavour oscillations during the production of the right-handed neutrinos. In contrast to the case with only two right-handed neutrinos, no degeneracy in the Majorana masses is required. The right-handed neutrinos can be found in meson decays at BELLE II and LHCb.
As accelerator-neutrino oscillation experiments improve oscillation parameter constraints, control over systematic uncertainties on the incoming neutrino flux and interaction models is increasingly important. The intense beams offered by modern experiments permit a variety of options to constrain the flux using in situ "standard candle" measurements. These standard candles must use very well understood processes to avoid introducing bias. One option discussed in this context is the "low-$ν$" method, designed to isolate neutrino interactions where there is low energy-transfer to the nucleus, su…
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located under 1.4 km of Antarctic ice, instruments a cubic kilometer of ice with 5,160 optical modules that detect Cherenkov radiation originating from neutrino interactions. The more densely instrumented center, DeepCore, aims to detect atmospheric neutrinos at 10-GeV scales to improve important measurements of fundamental neutrino properties such as the oscillation parameters and to search for non-standard interactions. Sensitivity to oscillation parameters, dependent on the distance traveled over the neutrino energy (L/E), is limited in IceCube by the resol…
Charged-Current Quasi-Elastic (CCQE) neutrino scattering is the signal channel for sterile neutrino oscillation experiments. Recent cross-section measurements have made it clear that the current understanding of this channel in the few-GeV region is incomplete, and several sophisticated theoretical models have been proposed to tackle this issue, although it is not clear which model best describes the global dataset. In this paper we argue that the current uncertainty surrounding CCQE cross-sections is a serious problem for experiments seeking to produce sterile neutrino limits. We perform a st…
Recent experimental and theoretical research in the area of neutrino interactions in the ~ 1 GeV region are reviewed including topics like: the problem of value of quasielastic axial mass, neutral current Pi0 production, coherent pion production. Many comments are devoted to status and current development of Monte Carlo events generators.
Accelerator neutrino oscillation experiments seek to make precision measurements of the neutrino flavor oscillations muon (anti)neutrino to electron (anti)neutrino in order to determine the mass hierarchy of neutrinos and to search for CP violation in neutrino oscillations. These experiments are currently performed with beams of muon neutrinos at energies near 1 GeV where the charged-current quasi-elastic interactions nu+n\rightarrow(l^-)+p and anti-nu+p\rightarrow(l^+)+n dominate the signal reactions. We examine the difference between the quasi-elastic cross-sections for muon and electron neu…
Standard model of particle physics fails to explain neutrino oscillations, dark matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe. All these problems can be solved with three sterile neutrinos added to the model. Quite remarkably, if sterile neutrino masses are well below the electroweak scale, this modification --- Neutrino Minimal Standard Model (nuMSM) --- can be tested experimentally. We discuss a new experiment on search for decays of GeV-scale sterile neutrinos, which in the framework of the nuMSM are responsible for the matter-antimatter asymmetry generation and for the active neutrino masses…
The MiniBooNE NCEL and CCQE cross-section measurements (neutrino running) are used to set limits in the $Δm^{2}-\sin^{2}\vartheta_{μs}$ plane for a 3+1 sterile neutrino model with a mass splitting $0.1 \leq Δm^{2} \leq 10.0$ eV$^{2}$. GENIE is used, with a relativistic Fermi gas model, to relate $E_ν$ and the reconstructed quantities measured. The issue of uncertainty in the underlying cross-section model and its effect on the sterile neutrino limits is explored, and robust sterile neutrino limits are produced by fitting the sterile parameters and the axial-mass cross-section parameter simulta…
We present an $SU(3)^{}_{c}\times SU(2)^{}_{L}\times SU(2)^{}_{R}\times U(1)_{L}^{}\times U(1)_{R}^{}\rightarrow SU(3)^{}_{c}\times SU(2)^{}_{L}\times SU(2)^{}_{R}\times U(1)^{}_{B-L}$ left-right symmetric model with a discrete parity symmetry to realize a universal seesaw scenario. The model can simultaneously solve the strong CP problem without resorting to the unobserved axion and explain the 750 GeV diphoton resonance reported recently by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the LHC. Owing to large suppressions in the two-loop induced Dirac mass terms, the Majorana mass matrices of left- an…
We survey the sensitivity of past and present neutrino experiments to MeV-GeV scale dark matter, and find that these experiments possess novel sensitivity that has not yet fully explored. NO$ν$A and BEBC are found to rule out the scalar thermal target for dark matter masses between 10 MeV to 100 MeV with existing data, while CHARM-II and MINER$ν$A place somewhat weaker limits. These limits can be dramatically improved by off-axis searches using the NuMI beamline and the MicroBooNE, MiniBooNE or ICARUS detectors, and can even begin to probe the Majorana thermal target. We conclude that past and…
Neutrino interactions with nuclei have been the subject of intense interest over the last 15 years. Current and future measurements of neutrino oscillation and exotic physics use order 0.1--10 GeV neutrinos on a range of nuclear targets ($^{12}$C, $^{16}$O, $^{40}$Ar). As the precision of these experiments has increased, information from their detectors and dedicated experiments indicate deficiencies in the modeling of neutrino interactions on nuclear targets. Here, we present the current state of knowledge about neutrino-nucleus interactions, the challenge of extracting the cross section of t…
Implementation of the Martini-Ericson-Chanfray-Marteau RPA-based neutrino and antineutrino cross-section model in the GENIE neutrino event generator
Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE)（索邦大学）；IPSA-DRII；CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research（欧洲核子研究中心）
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory detects neutrinos at energies orders of magnitude higher than those available to current accelerators. Above 40 TeV, neutrinos traveling through the Earth will be absorbed as they interact via charged current interactions with nuclei, creating a deficit of Earth-crossing neutrinos detected at IceCube. The previous published results showed the cross section to be consistent with Standard Model predictions for 1 year of IceCube data. We present a new analysis that uses 8 years of IceCube data to fit the $ν_μ$ absorption in the Earth, with statistics an order of m…
Improved upper bounds are presented on the coupling $|U_{e4}|^2$ of an electron to a sterile neutrino $ν_4$ from analyses of data on nuclear and particle decays, including superallowed nuclear beta decays, the ratios $R^{(π)}_{e/μ}=BR(π^+ \to e^+ ν_e)/BR(π^+ \to μ^+ ν_μ)$, $R^{(K)}_{e/μ}$, $R^{(D_s)}_{e/τ}$, and $B^+_{e 2}$ decay, covering the mass range from MeV to GeV.
We summarize the current status of accelerator based neutrino crosssection measurements. We focus on the experimental challenges while also presenting the motivation for these measurements. Selected results are highlighted after a quick description of the current major collaborations working on the field.
