One proposed mechanism for heating the solar wind, from close to the sun to beyond 10 AU, invokes low-frequency, oblique, Alfven-wave turbulence. Because small-scale oblique Alfven waves (kinetic Alfven waves) are compressive, the measured density fluctuations in the solar wind place an upper limit on the amplitude of kinetic Alfven waves and hence an upper limit on the rate at which the solar wind can be heated by low-frequency, Alfvenic turbulence. We evaluate this upper limit for both coronal holes at 5 solar radii and in the near-Earth solar wind. At both radii, the upper limit we find is consistent with models in which the solar wind is heated by low-frequency Alfvenic turbulence. At 1 AU, the upper limit on the turbulent heating rate derived from the measured density fluctuations is within a factor of 2 of the measured solar wind heating rate. Thus if low-frequency Alfvenic turbulence contributes to heating the near-Earth solar wind, kinetic Alfven waves must be one of the dominant sources of solar wind density fluctuations at frequencies of order 1 Hz. We also present a simple argument for why density fluctuation measurements do appear to rule out models in which the solar wind is heated by non-turbulent high-frequency waves ``sweeping'' through the ion-cyclotron resonance, but are compatible with heating by low-frequency Alfvenic turbulence.
Observations of Transition from Imbalanced to Balanced Kinetic Alfvénic Turbulence
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院紫金山天文台);Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校空间科学实验室);Physics Department, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校物理系);School of Physics and Electronic Sciences, Changsha University of Science and Technology(长沙理工大学物理与电子科学学院);LPC2E, CNRS, CNES, University of Orléans(奥尔良大学CNRS/CNES LPC2E研究中心);International Space Science Institute (ISSI)(国际空间科学研究所);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校)
Nature of Transonic Sub-Alfvénic Turbulence and Density Fluctuations in the Near-Sun Solar Wind: Insights from Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations and Nearly-Incompressible Models
University of Wisconsin-Madison(威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校);Los Alamos National Laboratory(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室);University of Alabama in Huntsville(阿拉巴马大学亨茨维尔分校);Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR)(空间等离子体与航空研究发展中心)
Statistical Evidence for the Existence of Alfvénic Turbulence in Solar Coronal Loops
最近的观测表明,能够携带大量能量的波在整个日冕中无处不在。然而,这种波能量是如何耗散的(在什么时间和长度尺度上)并释放到等离子体中的问题在很大程度上仍然没有答案。分析和数值模型先前都表明,阿尔夫维尼克湍流可能不仅在快速太阳风的产生中起着关键作用,而且在日冕环的加热中也起着关键作用。为了弥合理论和观测之间的差距,我们扩展了最近的一项研究[De Moortel et al.,ApJL,782:L34,2014]通过使用来自冠状多通道偏振计(CoMP)仪器的数据分析37个明显隔离的冠状环。我们观察到Alfvénic扰动的相位速度范围从250-750公里/秒和周期从140-270秒的选择的循环。虽然过剩的高频波功率的顶点附近观察到的一些环路(暂时支持发病的Alfvénic湍流),我们表明,这种过剩取决于环路长度和所观察到的振荡的波长。在推导环的长度/波长比和增强的波功率之间的比例关系在环的顶点,并从与这些环的线宽的分析,我们的研究结果是支持的Alfvénic湍流在冠状环的存在。
MMS Insights into CME Driven Sub-Alfvénic Solar Wind at 1 AU
University of Maryland(马里兰大学);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA戈达德太空飞行中心);University of New Hampshire(新罕布什尔大学);University of Delaware(特拉华大学);University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校)
Effects of Alfvénicity on the Compressible Energy Cascade in Magnetohydrodynamic Solar Wind Turbulence: Evidence from Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, and WIND observations
Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(布宜诺斯艾利斯大学,理学院);CONICET – Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Física Interdisciplinaria y Aplicada (INFINA)(阿根廷国家科学研究委员会–布宜诺斯艾利斯大学,交叉与应用物理研究所);Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校,物理系);Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校,天文学系);Planetary Magnetospheres Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA戈达德太空飞行中心,行星磁层实验室)
Measures of Three-Dimensional Anisotropy and Intermittency in Strong Alfvénic Turbulence
我们测量的局部各向异性的数值模拟强Alfvénic湍流相对于两个本地,物理相关的方向:沿本地平均磁场和沿本地方向的波动Elsasser场之一。我们发现显着的缩放各向异性相对于这两个方向:波动是“带状”-统计上,他们被拉长沿平均磁场和波动场。后一种形式的各向异性是由于尺度依赖的排列的波动场。$n$阶条件结构函数在垂直于局部平均场和涨落的方向上的间歇标度很好地符合Alberran et al. 2015的理论,而平行标度则与临界平衡猜想所暗示的一致。我们量化了垂直标度与涨落和平行方向标度之间的关系,发现垂直各向异性的标度指数(即,Alfvénic结构在垂直于平均磁场的平面中的纵横比)取决于波动的幅度。这被证明是等价的波动幅度和对齐在每个尺度的关系。各向异性对振幅的依赖性被证明是更显着的垂直和波动方向的尺度之间的各向异性比它是垂直和平行的尺度之间。
Sub-Alfvenic Non-Ideal MHD Turbulence Simulations with Ambipolar Diffusion: III. Implications for Observations and Turbulent Enhancement
双极扩散(AD)被认为是在恒星形成区域发生的致密分子气体中重新分配磁通量的关键过程。我们进行了数值模拟,这一过程中的低电离区使用重离子近似。模拟是针对强场(等离子体β=0.1)和轻度超音速湍流(M=3,对应于阿尔芬马赫数为0.67)的区域。中性气体的速度功率谱从理想MHD情况下的Iroshnikov-Kraichnan谱变为激波主导流体动力学系统情况下的Burgers谱。磁功率谱显示出类似的行为。我们使用一维辐射转移程序对模拟结果进行后处理;模拟的CS J=2-1和H13 CO + J=1-0谱线的辐射表明,AD的影响原则上是可观察的。离子的线宽被观察到小于那些中性,我们确认以前的建议,这是由于AD。我们表明,AD是不太可能影响的Erasekhar-Fermi方法推断的场强,除非AD比一般观察到的更强。最后,我们提出了第一个完整的三维研究的增强AD的湍流,发现AD是加速因子2-4.5的非自引力系统的湍流水平,我们认为。
Anisotropy of Solar-Wind Turbulence in the Inner Heliosphere at Kinetic Scales: PSP Observations
太阳风湍流的各向异性是理解日球层尺度间能量传递和场与粒子间能量转换物理的关键问题。使用\emph{Parker Solar Probe}(\emph{PSP})的测量,我们提出了一个观察的各向异性在动力学尺度上的缓慢,Alfvénic,太阳风的内日球层。\textbf{The magnetic compressibility behaves as expected for kinetic Alfvénic turbulence below the ion scale.}一个陡峭的过渡范围之间的惯性和动力学范围内的所有方向相对于当地的背景磁场方向。发现$k_\perp \gg k_\parallel$的各向异性在过渡区和动力学区都很明显,动力学区的幂次各向异性$P_\perp/P_\parallel > 10$大于过渡区的幂次各向异性,且比1 au的幂次各向异性强.光谱指数在过渡范围内从$α_{t\parallel}=-5.7\pm 1.0$到$α_{t\perp}=-3.7\pm 0.3$变化,在动力学范围内从$α_{k\parallel}=-3.12\pm 0.22$到$α_{k\perp}=-2.57\pm 0.09$变化。相应的波矢各向异性在过渡范围内具有$k_\parallel \sim k_\perp^{0.71\pm 0.17}$的标度,并且在动力学范围内变为$k_\p…
Sub-Alfvenic Non-Ideal MHD Turbulence Simulations with Ambipolar Diffusion: II. Comparison with Observation, Clump Properties, and Scaling to Physical Units
Leveling of MHD turbulence imbalance in shear flows
Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory(阿巴斯图马尼天体物理观测站);Department of Physics, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University(第比利斯国立大学精确与自然科学学院物理系);Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心);M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics(M.诺迪亚地球物理研究所)