In this work we will investigate Lagrangians of the standard model extended by three right-handed neutrinos, and the consequences of invariance under finite groups G for lepton masses and mixing matrices are studied. The main part of this work is the systematic analysis of finite subgroups of SU(3). The analysis of these groups may act as a toolkit for future model building.
Assuming that the leptonic mixing matrix is given in first approximation by the tribimaximal form we deduce some consequences with regard to the finite symmetries that may be applied in the minimal lepton sector of the electroweak theory.
We extend the notion of Minimal Flavor Violation to the lepton sector. We introduce a symmetry principle which allows us to express lepton flavor violation in the charged lepton sector in terms of neutrino masses and mixing angles. We explore the dependence of the rates for flavor changing radiative charged lepton decays (ell(i) -> ell(j) + gamma) and mu-to-e conversion in nuclei on the scales for total lepton number violation, lepton flavor violation and the neutrino masses and mixing angles. Measurable rates are obtained when the scale for total lepton number violation is much larger than th…
We give a pedagogical review of flavour and CP violation in the lepton sector, with a particular emphasis on new physics - and in particular supersymmetric - contributions to flavour and CP violating observables involving leptons.
In this review we discuss physics of the lepton sector, the anomalous dipole moment of muon, the charged lepton-flavor violation, and the electric dipole moments of charged leptons, from viewpoints of the minimal supersymmetric standard model and the extensions.
The tri-bimaximal mixing matrix is most likely the leading order term in the description of leptonic mixing. We derive deviations from tri-bimaximal mixing(TBM) due to corrections from the charged lepton sector. We assume a decoupled 2-3 symmetry, which is a $Z_2$ symmetry, in the charged lepton sector and another $Z_2$ symmetry in the neutrino sector. The TBM is obtained in the flavor symmetric limit. We consider deviations from the TBM form arising from the breaking of the 2-3 symmetry in the charged lepton sector but do not consider deviations from the breaking of the flavor symmetry in the…
A new representation of electroweak lepton sector is proposed. It consists of two Weyl spinors per one lepton family. It is shown that proposed representation is fully equivalent to the conventional left-handed iso-doublet. New type of plane wave solutions can be found under certain additional assumptions.
The recent results from T2K and MINOS experiments point towards a relatively large value of the reactor angle θ_13 in the lepton sector. In this paper we show how a large θ_13 can arise from the charged lepton sector alone in the context of an SU(5) GUT. In such a scenario (tri-)bimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector is still a viable possibility. We also analyse the general implications of the considered scenario for the searches of CP violation in neutrino oscillations.
These proceedings introduce the main techniques and ideas for a systematic effective field theory analysis of CP violation in the charged lepton sector. This study is required because the Standard Model of particle physics predicts a very high degree of CP violation suppression in the lepton sector, and this implies that possible new physics effects can be parameterised in terms of new interactions among the Standard Model fields, in the framework of the so-called Standard Model Effective Field Theory. In analogy with previous investigations of charged lepton flavour violating observables, thi…
In this work we consider a model including dark sector bosons interacting through tensor currents with Standard Model leptons. We show that for certain values of the interaction constant this model has the potential of providing an explanation for the discrepancy between theory and experiment, regarding the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The effect on the already established measurements for the electron are small and the lepton universality violation is naturally incorporated. Possible experimental searches together with systematic approach to characteristic properties of the final st…
We systematically analyze the possibility that bi-large lepton mixing originates from the charged lepton sector in models with sequential dominance for the right-handed charged leptons. We derive analytical expressions for the mixing angles and CP phases of the MNS matrix for the case of zero mixing from the neutrino sector, which is arranged for with the help of sequential dominance for the right-handed neutrinos. For small $θ_{13}$, the two large mixing angles $θ_{12}$ and $θ_{23}$ are determined by the Yukawa couplings to the dominant right-handed tau. The mixing angle $θ_{13}$ is then gove…
In the simplest examples of models with a discrete quark-lepton symmetry, an electroweak symmetry breaking sector with more than one Higgs doublet is necessary to obtain the correct mass relations between quarks and leptons. A two Higgs doublet model has flavour-nonconserving Yukawa couplings, which are proportional to the masses of the quark-lepton symmetric partners of the fermions. We describe how flavour changing leptonic decays can occur, with branching ratios not far beyond that currently measureable, enabling investigation of the phenomenology of such models.
We study the effects of considering nontrivial unphysical lepton sector phases on the group theoretical properties of the flavor and generalized CP symmetry elements in the case where there are three light, distinct Majorana neutrino species. We highlight the similarities and differences between the charged lepton and neutrino sectors and further elucidate the group properties of the flavor and generalized CP symmetry elements. We show how the inclusion of these leptonic phases affects the bottom-up constructions of these symmetry elements and discuss the implications for top-down model buildi…
We address the observed discrepancies in the anomalous magnetic dipole moments (MDM) of the muon and electron by extending the inert two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) with SM gauge singlet complex scalar field and singlet Vector-like Lepton (VLL) field. We obtain the allowed parameter space constrained from the Higgs decays to gauge Bosons at LHC, LEP II data and electro-weak precision measurements. The muon and electron MDM's are then explained within a common parameter space for different sets of allowed couplings and masses of the model particles.
We propose a lepton model under modular $A_4$ and gauged $U(1)_R$ symmetries, in which the neutrino masses are induced at one-loop level. Thanks to the modular $A_4$ symmetry, we have several predictions on the lepton sector, especially, on fixed points of $τ=i,ω\equiv e^{2πi/3},i\times \infty$ each of which has remnant symmetry; $Z_2$ for $τ=i$ and $Z_3$ for $τ=ω, i\infty$. These points are favored by a string theory and phenomenologically interesting.
We investigate the sensitivity of some weak processes to a Cabibbo--Kobayashi--Maskawa mixing in the leptonic sector. Values for mixing angles and masses compatible with several experimental accelerator data were found. We discuss in this context neutrino oscillations, cosmological and astrophysical consequences as well.
We discuss a model with a dark sector, in which smallness of mass for charged leptons and neutrinos can naturally be explained by one-loop effects mediated by particles in the dark sector. These new particles, including dark matter candidates, also contribute to the anomalous magnetic dipole moment, denoted by $(g-2)$, for charged leptons. We show that our model can explain the muon $(g-2)$ anomaly and observed neutrino oscillations under the constraints from lepton flavor violating decays of charged leptons. We illustrate that the scenario with scalar dark matter is highly constrained by dire…
We review the current status of the data on neutrino masses and lepton mixing and the prospects for measuring the CP-violating phases in the lepton sector. The possible connection between low energy CP violation encoded in the Dirac and Majorana phases of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata mixing matrix and successful leptogenesis is emphasized in the context of seesaw extensions of the Standard Model with a flavor symmetry Gf (and CP symmetry).
The virtual effects of the Zee charged scalar boson on the lepton-family-number (LFN) violating processes are studied. We obtain the constraints on the individual Yukawa coupling constants of the Zee boson to leptons. Using these constraints, we predict the upper bounds on the muonium-antimuonium conversion probability, the branching fractions of the LFN violating decays such as $τ\to eγ$, $τ\to μγ$, $τ^- \to μ^+e^-e^-$ and $τ\to e^+μ^-μ^-$. The contribution of the Zee boson to the muon anomalous magnetic moment is also considered
We consider models with fermionic dark matter that transforms under a non-Abelian dark gauge group. Exotic, vector-like leptons that also transform under the dark gauge group can mix with standard model leptons after spontaneous symmetry breaking and serve as a portal between the dark and visible sectors. We show in an explicit, renormalizable model based on a dark SU(2) gauge group how this can lead to adequate dark matter annihilation to a standard model lepton flavor so that the correct relic density is obtained. We identify a discrete symmetry that allows mass mixing between the vector-lik…
It has been pointed out recently that current low-energy constraints still allow for sizable flavor-changing decay rates of the 125 GeV boson into leptons, h -> tau ell (ell= e, mu). In this work we discuss the role of hadronic tau-lepton decays in probing lepton flavor violating couplings in the Higgs sector. At low energy, the effective Higgs coupling to gluons induced by heavy quarks contributes to hadronic tau decays, establishing a direct connection with the relevant process at the LHC, pp (gg)-> h -> tau ell. Semileptonic transitions like tau -> ell pi pi are sensitive to flavor-changing…
We review flavour and CP violations in the lepton sector as probes of new physics beyond the standard model and its minimal extensions accommodating massive neutrinos. After recalling the main experimental bounds and the future perspectives, we summarize the limits on a set of dimension-six gauge-invariant operators, pointing to a scale of new physics much larger than the electroweak scale. If we insist on having new physics at the TeV scale, as demanded by most of the standard model extensions addressing the gauge hierarchy problem, we should rely on special mechanisms to deplete flavour and …
A unified treatment of CP physics for quarks and leptons in the framed standard model (FSM) is extended to include the predicted hidden sector giving as consequences: (i) that an earlier part-estimate of the Jarlskog invariant $J'$ for leptons is turned into a prediction for its actual value, i.e., $J' \sim -0.012$ ($δ'_{CP} \sim 1.11 π$), which is of the right order of magnitude, of the right sign, and in the range of values favoured by present experiment, (ii) some novel twists to the effects of CP-violation on the material content of the universe.
The Higgs sector of the minimal 3 - 3 - 1 model with three triplets and one sextet is investigated in detail under the most general lepton--number conserving potential. The mass spectra and multiplet decompostion structure are explicitly given in a systematic order and a transparent way allowing they to be easily checked and used in further investigations. A previously arising problem of inconsistent signs of f_{2} is also automatically solved.
We suggest new setup where SUSY breaking spurion F-term possesses lepton number. This setup not only modifies sparticle mass spectra but also realizes several new models, where neutrino mass is naturally induced through radiative corrections. We here suggest two new models; the first one is (i): pseudo-Dirac/Schizophrenic neutrino model, and the second one is (ii): pure Majorana neutrino model. We will also show this setup can naturally apply to the supersymmetric Zee-Babu model.
We discuss the necessity of a right-handed Weyl neutrino due to the vector-like phenomenon of the regularized Standard Model. It is shown that this right-handed neutrino is decoupled from low energies as a free particle, and Dirac neutrino masses are very small. We suggest gauge-invariant couplings between down quarks and charged leptons so that charged leptons acquire masses without extra Goldstone modes. By examining Schwinger-Dyson equations for lepton self-energy functions, we show that the neutrinos get their Dirac masses via explicit symmetry breakings that attribute to the mixing betwee…
We study CP violation in the lepton sector in extended models with right-handed neutrinos, without and with left-right symmetry, and with arbitrary mass terms. We find the conditions which must be satisfied by the neutrino and charged lepton mass matrices for CP conservation. These constraints, which are independent of the choice of weak basis, are proven to be also sufficient in simple cases. This invariant formulation makes apparent the necessary requirements for CP violation, as well as the size of CP violating effects. As an example, we show that CP violation can be much larger in left-rig…
We construct a new set of combinations from the mass matrices of the charged leptons and neutrinos that are invariant under basis transformation, hereafter {\it the} invariants. We use these invariants to study various symmetries and neutrino mass textures in a basis independent way. In particular, we show that by using these invariants the ansatz such as $μ-τ$ exchange and reflection symmetries, various texture zeros and flavor symmetries can be expressed in a general basis.
The simplest noncompact group SU(1,1),when introduced as a symmetry group of the generations of quarks and leptons in the framework of a vector-like theory, gives an excellent viewpoint on low energy physics. The minimal setup of the scheme, however, gives phenomenologically unacceptable prediction on the Yukawa coupling matrices. This suggests the higgs sector has richer structure than we expect from the success of MSSM. The natural extension of the scheme, which has doubled structure in the higgs sector, is formulated. The framework admits this extension in a restrictive way. The possible pa…
In this paper we investigate the parallel texture structures with cofactor zeros in the charged lepton and neutrino sectors. The textures can not be obtained from arbitrary leptonic matrices by making weak basis transformations, which therefore have physical meaning. The 15 parallel textures are grouped as 4 classes where each class has the same physical implications. It is founded that one of them is not phenomenological viable and another is equivalent to the texture zero structures extensively explored in previous literature. Thus we focus on the other two classes of parallel texture struct…
We study the implications of having a similarity between quark and lepton mixing in the Dirac sector of the Standard Model plus the right-handed neutrino. This enable us to describe all masses and mixings in the Dirac sector in terms of only five parameters: three mass scales $m_b$, $m_τ$ and $m_t$, one parameter $λ$ describing all the mixings, and a CP violating phase in the quark sector. Then, from experimental data on neutrino masses and mixings, we extract the heavy neutrino mass matrix. The approach considered, although does not contraddict Grand Unified Theories, can help to find other t…
In the present paper, we carry out a systematic study of the flavor invariants and their renormalization-group equations (RGEs) in the leptonic sector with three generations of charged leptons and massive Majorana neutrinos. First, following the approach of the Hilbert series from the invariant theory, we show that there are 34 basic flavor invariants in the generating set, among which 19 invariants are CP-even and the others are CP-odd. Any flavor invariants can be expressed as the polynomials of those 34 basic invariants in the generating set. Second, we explicitly construct all the basic in…
In extensions of the standard model with a heavy fourth generation one important question is what makes the fourth-generation lepton sector, particularly the neutrinos, so different from the lighter three generations. We study this question in the context of models of electroweak symmetry breaking in warped extra dimensions, where the flavor hierarchy is generated by the localization of the zero-mode fermions in the extra dimension. In this setup the Higgs sector is localized near the infrared brane, whereas the Majorana mass term is localized at the ultraviolet brane. As a result, light neutr…
The various mass relations among members of quark and lepton families are given. Three mass relations for the charm, beauty, and top quark family members are given and three mass relations for the electron, muon, and tau lepton family members are presented.
Recently, the reactor mixing angle $θ_{13}$ has been measured precisely by Daya Bay, RENO and T2K experiments with a moderately large value. However, the standard form of neutrino mixing patterns such as bimaximal, tri-bimaximal, golden ratio of types A and B, hexagonal etc., which are based on certain flavor symmetries, predict vanishing $θ_{13}$. Using the fact that the neutrino mixing matrix can be represented as $V_{\rm PMNS}=U_l^{\dagger} U_νP_ν$, where $U_l$ and $U_ν$ result from the diagonalization of the charged lepton and neutrino mass matrices and $P_ν$ is a diagonal matrix containin…
We investigate the texture structures of lepton mass matrices with four (five) non-zero elements in the charged lepton mass matrix and three (four) vanishing cofactors in the neutrino mass matrix. Using weak basis transformations, all possible textures for three and four vanishing cofactors in $M_ν$ are grouped into 7 classes and predictions for the unknown parameters such as the Dirac CP violating phase and the effective Majorana mass for the phenomenologically allowed textures have been obtained. We, also, illustrate how such texture structures can be realized using discrete Abelian flavor s…
The phenomenon of CP violation in the standard model (SM) framework and the decay dynamics have been established from the data obtained from the B factories and so far we have not seen anything new. Nevertheless, there have been instances of deviations in many measured observables in the flavor sector, as far as the data and predictions are concerned. Here we will mention some deviations obtained in measurements related to lepton universality, as seen from the data, and try to understand their implications. To accommodate the observed data we will consider a leptoquark model, which seems to be…
In drawing on an analogy with the flavor mixing observed in the quark sector we discuss a pattern of large flavor mixing angles in the lepton sector. Simple arguments based on a democratic symmetry and its violation in the lepton sector allow us to determine the flavor mixing matrix of leptons. The mixing angle relevant for solar neutrino oscillations is maximal (close to $45^{\circ}$), while the angle relevant for atmospheric neutrino oscillations is given by $\sin^2 2 θ= 8/9$. The emerging pattern is consistent with the results of the solar and atmospheric neutrino experiments.
We will investigate the scenario in which the Standard Model (SM) Higgs sector and its 2-doublet extension (called the Two Higgs Doublet Model or 2HDM) are the "portal" for the interactions between the Standard Model and a fermionic Dark Matter (DM) candidate. The latter is the lightest stable neutral particle of a family of vector-like leptons (VLLs). We will provide an extensive overview of this scenario combining the constraints purely coming from DM phenomenology with more general constraints like Electro-weak Precision Tests (EWPT) as well as with collider searches. In the case that the n…
An origin of flavor mixings in quark and lepton sectors is still a mystery, and a structure of the flavor mixings in lepton sector seems completely different from that of quark sector. In this letter, we point out that the flavor mixing angles in quark and lepton sectors could be unified at a high energy scale, when neutrinos are degenerate. It means that a minimal flavor violation at a high energy scale can induce a rich variety of flavor mixings in quark and lepton sectors at a low energy scale through quantum corrections.
We explore the sensitivity of flavour changing b -> s transitions to a (sub-)GeV hidden sector with generic couplings to the Standard Model through the Higgs, vector and axion portals. The underlying two-body decays of B mesons, B -> X_s S and B0 -> SS, where S denotes a generic new GeV-scale particle, may significantly enhance the yield of monochromatic lepton pairs in the final state via prompt decays of S to a dilepton pair. Existing measurements of the charged lepton spectrum in neutral-current semileptonic B decays provide bounds on the parameters of the light sector that are significantl…
Encouraged by the latest SNO results, we consider the lepton mixing matrix in the approximation that the nu_2 mass eigenstate is trimaximally (democratically) mixed. This suggests a new parameterization of the remaining mixing degrees of freedom, which eschews mixing angles, dealing instead, directly with the complex parameter U_e3 of the mixing matrix. Unitarity triangles then take a particularly simple form, which we hope will faciltate comparison with experiment.
We discuss the tension between discrete flavour symmetries and extended scalar sectors arising from lepton flavour violation experiments. The key point is that extended scalar sectors will generically lead to flavour changing neutral currents, which are strongly constrained by experiments. Due to the large parameter space in the scalar sector such models will, however, usually have no big problems with existing and future bounds (even though the models might be constrained). This changes considerably once a flavour symmetry is imposed in addition: Due to the symmetry, additional relations betw…
Recent progress is reviewed regarding the application of the non-Abelian symmetries S_3, D_4, and A_4 to the understanding of family structure in leptons and quarks.
Multi-spinor fields which behave as triple-tensor products of the Dirac spinors and form reducible representations of the Lorentz group describe three families of ordinary quarks and leptons in the visible sector and an additional family of exotic dark quarks and leptons in the dark sector of the Universe. Apart from the ordinary set of the gauge and Higgs fields in the visible sector, another set of gauge and Higgs fields belonging to the dark sector are assumed to exist. Two sectors possess channels of communication through gravity and a bi-quadratic interaction between the two types of Higg…
We study a flavor model that the quark sector has the $S_3$ modular symmetry,while the lepton sector has the $A_4$ modular symmetry. Our model leads to characteristic quark mass matrices which are consistent with experimental data of quark masses, mixing angles and the CP violating phase. The lepton sector is also consistent with the experimental data of neutrino oscillations. We also study baryon and lepton number violations in our flavor model.
We examined the influence of additional scalar doublet on the parameter space of the Standard Model supplemented with a generation of new vector like leptons. In particular we identified the viable regions of parameter space by inspecting various constraints especially electroweak precision (S, T and U) parameters. We demonstrated that the additional scalar assists in alleviating the tension of electroweak precision constraints and thus permitting larger Yukawa mixing and mass splittings among vector like species. We also compared and contrasted the regions of parameter space pertaining to the…
In leptogenesis scenario, the decays of heavy Majorana neutrinos generate lepton family asymmetries, $Y_e, Y_μ$ and $Y_τ$. They are sensitive to CP violating phases in seesaw models. The time evolution of the lepton family asymmetries are derived by solving Boltzmann equations. By taking a minimal seesaw model, we show how each family asymmetry varies with a CP violating phase. For instance, we find the case that the lepton asymmetry is dominated by $Y_μ$ or $Y_τ$ depending on the choice of the CP violating phase. We also find the case that the signs of lepton family asymmetries $Y_μ$ and $Y_τ…
I analyze a fourth generation lepton sector in which the lightest particle is a stable Majorana neutrino. In this scenario fourth generation neutrinos have both a Dirac and Majorana mass, resulting in two Majorana neutrino mass eigenstates. A reanalysis of LEP's lower mass bound is performed on stable Majorana neutrinos from the Z width and the lower mass bound is loosened. I also extrapolate LEP's SUSY squark search with a 2 jet plus missing missing energy final state to the production and decay of a pair of heavy Majorana neutrinos; here it is expected that significant regions of the neutrin…
I review some of the recent progress (up to September 2005) in applying non-Abelian discrete symmetries to the family structure of leptons, with particular emphasis on the tribimaximal mixing ansatz of Harrison, Perkins, and Scott.
I present a general exclusion bound for the Higgs in fourth generation scenarios with a general lepton sector. Recent Higgs searches in fourth generation scenarios rule out the entire Higgs mass region between 120 and 600 GeV. That such a large range of Higgs masses are excluded is due to the presence of extra heavy flavors of quarks, which substantially increase Higgs production from gluon fusion over the Standard Model rate. However, if heavy fourth generation neutrinos are less than half of the Higgs mass, they can dominate the Higgs decay branching fraction, overtaking the standard Higgs t…
The $μ-τ$ reflection symmetry of the lepton mixing matrix accommodates maximal atmospheric mixing ($θ_{23}=π/4$) as well as maximal Dirac CP phase ($δ=\pm π/2$) for the Dirac case. In the standard parametrization of the PMNS matrix the reflection symmetric nature is not directly visible while substituting the maximal values of the mixing parameters. This issue has been addressed in this paper. It is found that the reflection symmetry in the 'standard' PMNS matrix can be restored by allowing maximal values of the Majorana CP phases ($α$, $β$) as well, along with maximal $δ$. To accommodate non-…
In the context of the future high energy - high luminosity electron and muon colliders, all the relevant four-lepton processes with the lepton family violation (LFV) are systematically classified. The most general LFV effective lagrangians are found, and the helicity differential cross sections for the LFV processes are calculated. The six- and eight-lepton Standard Model (SM) backgrounds are discussed, and the LFV processes clean of the six-lepton background are picked out. The possibility to suppress the six-lepton SM background, when present, by the unnatural initial beam polarizations is i…
We construct extensions of the Standard Model with two Higgs doublets, where there are flavour changing neutral currents both in the quark and leptonic sectors, with their strength fixed by the fermion mixing matrices $V_{CKM}$ and $V_{PMNS}$. These models are an extension to the leptonic sector of the class of models previously considered by Branco, Grimus and Lavoura, for the quark sector. We consider both the cases of Dirac and Majorana neutrinos and identify the minimal discrete symmetry required in order to implement the models in a natural way.
We discuss possibilities to investigate the effects of CP (and T) violation in the lepton sector in neutrino oscillation experiments. We consider the effects of CP violation in the framework of two schemes of mixing of four massive neutrinos that can accommodate the results of all neutrino oscillation experiments. Using the constraints on the mixing parameters that follow from the results of short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, we derive rather strong upper bounds on the effects of CP violation in nu_mu<->nu_e transitions in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. We show t…
I review some of the recent progress (up to December 2005) in applying non-Abelian discrete symmetries to the family structure of leptons, with particular emphasis on the tribimaximal mixing ansatz of Harrison, Perkins, and Scott.
Approximate flavor symmetries in the quark sector have been used as a handle on physics beyond the Standard Model. Due to the great interest in neutrino masses and mixings and the wealth of existing and proposed neutrino experiments it is important to extend this analysis to the leptonic sector. We show that in the see-saw mechanism, the neutrino masses and mixing angles do not depend on the details of the right-handed neutrino flavor symmetry breaking, and are related by a simple formula. We propose several ansätze which relate different flavor symmetry breaking parameters and find that the M…
We show that the observed anomalies in the lepton sector can be explained in extensions of the Standard Model that are natural and, therefore, resolve the Higgs sector hierarchy problem. The scale of new physics is around the TeV and Technicolor-like theories are ideal candidate models.
