细胞质和粘附动力学的耦合决定了细胞极化和运动
Coupling of cytoplasm and adhesion dynamics determines cell polarization and locomotion
摘要：
观察单一表皮细胞的平面粘合剂基板上揭示了两种不同的形态和功能状态，即非迁移对称非极化状态和迁移非对称极化状态。这些状态的特征在于重要的生化细胞成分的不同空间分布和动力学：F-肌动蛋白和肌球蛋白-II形成细胞骨架的收缩部分，质膜中的整合素受体将F-肌动蛋白丝连接到基质。以这种方式，聚集粘着斑复合物，其决定细胞骨架力转导和随后的细胞运动。到目前为止，物理模型已经将这种现象归结为调节控制分子的梯度或细胞不同区域肌动蛋白丝系统的不同机制。在这里，我们提供了一个替代和自组织模型，结合聚合，推动和滑动的细丝，以及形成的粘附位点和它们的力依赖动力学。所有这些现象可以组合成一个非线性耦合的双曲型、抛物型和椭圆型微分方程组。本文的目的是展示参与分子的小尺度力学和动力学的相对简单的关系如何在大尺度细胞水平上再现极化和迁移的涌现行为。
英文摘要：
Observations of single epidermal cells on flat adhesive substrates have revealed two distinct morphological and functional states, namely a non-migrating symmetric unpolarized state and a migrating asymmetric polarized state. These states are characterized by different spatial distributions and dynamics of important biochemical cell components: F-actin and myosin-II form the contractile part of the cytoskeleton, and integrin receptors in the plasma membrane connect F-actin filaments to the substratum. In this way, focal adhesion complexes are assembled, which determine cytoskeletal force transduction and subsequent cell locomotion. So far, physical models have reduced this phenomenon either to gradients in regulatory control molecules or to different mechanics of the actin filament system in different regions of the cell. Here we offer an alternative and self-organizational model incorporating polymerization, pushing and sliding of filaments, as well as formation of adhesion sites and their force dependent kinetics. All these phenomena can be combined into a non-linearly coupled system of hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic differential equations. Aim of this article is to show how relatively simple relations for the small-scale mechanics and kinetics of participating molecules may reproduce the emergent behavior of polarization and migration on the large-scale cell level.
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